A variety of social and educational forces are resulting in significant changes in the traditionally dichotomous relationship between general and special education. One service delivery model that may be especially useful for reducing the gap between the two delivery systems is cooperative teaching, in which general and special educators work in a systematic and coordinated fashion in educationally integrated settings. This article describes cooperative teaching and outlines various arrangements through which it might be implemented.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Algozzine, B., & Maheady, L. (1986). When all else fails, teach!Exceptional Children, 52, 487–488.
2.
Anderson-Inman, L. (1986). Bridging the gap: Student-centered strategies for promoting the transfer of learning. Exceptional Children, 52, 562–572.
3.
Bair, M., & Woodward, R.G. (1964). Team teaching in action. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin.
4.
Brown, A.L., Bransford, J.D., Ferrara, R.A., & Campione, J.C. (1983). Learning, remembering and understanding. In J.H. Flavell & E.M. Markman (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology (4th ed., Vol. 3, pp. 77–166). New York: Wiley.
5.
Charles, C. M. (1976). Individualizing instruction. New York: C.V. Mosby.
6.
Crane, S. J., & Iwanicki, E. F. (1986). Perceived role conflict, role ambiguity, and burnout among special education teachers. Remedial and Special Education, 7(2), 24–31.
7.
Gelzheiser, L. M. (1987). Reducing the number of students identified as learning disabled: A question of practice, philosophy, or policy?Exceptional Children, 54, 145–150.
8.
Gelzheiser, L. M., Shepherd, M. J., & Wozniak, R. H. (1986). The development of instruction to induce skill transfer. Exceptional Children, 53, 125–129.
Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (1986). Mainstreaming and cooperative learning strategies. Exceptional Children, 52, 553–561.
11.
Kerr, M. M., Nelson, C. M., & Lambert, D. L. (1987). Helping adolescents with learning and behavior problems. Columbus, OH: Merrill.
12.
Klein, N. K., Pasch, M., & Frew, T. W. (1979). Curriculum analysis and design for retarded learners. Columbus, OH: Merrill.
13.
Langone, J. (1986). Teaching retarded learners: Curriculum and methods for improving instruction. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
14.
Lieberman, A. (1986). Collaborative research: Working with, not on …Educational Leadership, 43(5), 28–32.
15.
Reynolds, M. C., & Wang, M. C. (1983). Restructuring “special” school programs. A position paper. Policy Studies Review, 2, 189–212.
16.
Reynolds, M. C., Wang, M. C., & Walberg, H. J. (1987). The necessary restructuring of special and regular education. Exceptional Children, 55, 391–398.
17.
Ruhl, K. L, Hughes, C. A., & Schloss, P. J. (1987). Using the pause procedure to enhance lecture recall. Teacher Education and Special Education, 10(1), 14–18.
18.
Sarason, S., Levine, M., Goldenberg, I. I., Cherlin, D., & Bennet, E. (1966). Psychology in community settings: Clinical, educational, vocational and social aspects. New York: Wiley.
19.
Saski, J., Swicegood, P., & Carter, J. (1983). Notetaking formats for learning disabled adolescents. Learning Disability Quarterly, 6, 265–272.
20.
Scott, J. J., & Smith, S. C. (1988). From isolation to collaboration: Improving the work environment of teaching. Elmhurst, IL: North Central Regional Educational Laboratory.
21.
Slavin, R. E. (1987). Cooperative learning: Student teams. Washington, DC: National Education Association.
22.
Slavin, R., Leavey, M., & Madden, N. (1984). Combining cooperative learning and individualized instruction. Elementary School Journal, 84, 410–422.
23.
Slavin, R., Madden, N., & Leavey, M. (1984). Effects of cooperative and individualized instruction on mainstreamed students. Exceptional Children, 50, 434–443.
24.
Smith, T. E., Price, B.J., & Marsh, G. E. (1986). Mildly handicapped children and adults. St. Paul, MN: West.
25.
Stainback, W., & Stainback, S. (1984). A rationale for the merger of special and regular education. Exceptional Children, 51, 102–111.
26.
Stainback, W., Stainback, S., Courtnage, L., & Jaben, T. (1985). Facilitating mainstreaming by modifying the mainstream. Exceptional Children, 52, 144–152.
27.
Wang, M., & Birch, J. (1984). Effective special education in regular classes. Exceptional Children, 50, 391–399.
28.
Wang, M., & Walberg, H. (1983). Adaptive instruction and classroom time. American Educational Research Journal, 20, 601–626.
29.
West, J. F. (1987, March). A nationwide study of essential collaborative consultation competencies for regular and special educators. Paper presented at the Annual Convention of the National Association of School Psychologists, New Orleans.
30.
Will, M. C. (1986). Educating children with learning problems: A shared responsibility. Exceptional Children, 52, 411–415.
