Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

Research has shown that experiences of discrimination negatively affect health. However, little is known about whether socioeconomic position modifies the reporting of perceived discrimination. This cross-sectional study of 69 participants investigated the modifying effects of education and income on the reporting of perceived discrimination among Hispanics and Whites. Hispanics, compared to non-Hispanic Whites, of higher education (more than high school) and income ($30,000 or more per year) status are more than 4 times more likely to report perceived discrimination (odds ratio [OR] = 4.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.31-12.72; OR = 4.43, 95% CI = 1.41-13.93, respectively). However, this difference was nonsignificant among those with lower education and income levels (OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 0.27-10.92; OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 0.20-15.02, respectively). These results may affect future study sample and effect sizes.

Keywords

socioeconomic position Hispanic Latino discrimination

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Barnes, L.L. , Mendes De Leon, C.F. , Wilson, R.S. , Bienias, J.L. , Bennett, D.A. , & Evans, D.A. (2004). Racial differences in perceived discrimination in a community population of older Blacks and Whites . Journal of Aging & Health, 16, 315-337 .

Clark, R. , Anderson, N.B. , Clark, V.R. , & Williams, D.R. (1999). Racism as a stressor for African Americans. A biopsychosocial model . American Psychologist , 54, 805-816 .

Gee, G.C. (2002). A multilevel analysis of the relationship between institutional and individual racial discrimination and health status . American Journal of Public Health, 92, 615-623 .

Janssen, I. , Hanssen, M. , Bak, M. , Bijl, R.V. , de Graaf, R. , Vollebergh, W. , et al. (2003). Discrimination and delusional ideation . British Journal of Psychiatry, 182, 71-76 .

Kennedy, B.P. , Kawachi, I. , Lochner, K. , Jones, C. , & Prothrow-Stith, D. (1997). (Dis)respect and Black mortality . Ethnicity & Disease, 7, 207-214 .

Krieger, N. (1990). Racial and gender discrimination: Risk factors for high blood pressure ? Social Science and Medicine, 30, 1273-1281 .

Krieger, N. , & Sidney, S. (1996). Racial discrimination and blood pressure: The CARDIA study of young Black and White adults . American Journal of Public Health, 86, 1370-1378 .

Krieger, N. , Smith, K. , Naishadham, D. , Hartman, C. , & Barbeau, E.M. (2005). Experiences of discrimination: Validity and reliability of a self-report measure for population health research on racism and health . Social Science and Medicine, 61, 1576-1596 .

Kwate, N.O. , Valdimarsdottir, H.B. , Guevarra, J.S. , & Bovbjerg, D.H. (2003). Experiences of racist events are associated with negative health consequences for African American women . Journal of the National Medical Association, 95, 450-460 .

10.

Paradies, Y. (2006). A systematic review of empirical research on self-reported racism and health . International Journal of Epidemiology, 35, 888-901 .

11.

Schulz, A.J. , Gravlee, C.C. , Williams, D.R. , Israel, B.A. , Mentz, G. , & Rowe, Z. (2006). Discrimination, symptoms of depression, and self-rated health among African American women in Detroit: Results from a longitudinal analysis . American Journal of Public Health, 96, 1265-1270 .

12.

Sellers, R.M. , Caldwell, C.H. , Schmeelk-Cone, K.H. , & Zimmerman, M.A. (2003). Racial identity, racial discrimination, perceived stress, and psychological distress among African American young adults . Journal of Health & Social Behavior , 44, 302-317 .

13.

Watson, J.M. , Scarinci, I.C. , Klesges, R.C. , Slawson, D. , & Beech, B.M. (2002). Race, socioeconomic status, and perceived discrimination among healthy women. Journal of Womens Health & Gender-Based Medicine, 11, 441-451 .

14.

Williams, D.R. (1999). Race, socioeconomic status, and health. The added effects of racism and discrimination . Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 896, 173-188 .

15.

Williams, D.R. , & Jackson, P.B. (2005). Social sources of racial disparities in health . Health Affairs, 24, 325-334 .

Brief Report: The Modifying Effects of Education and Income on Hispanics Reporting Perceived Discrimination

Abstract

Keywords

Get full access to this article

References