Numerous models exist that help us understand how experiential education “works,” yet their foundations vary and often do not connect well to actual learning processes. Models should prove most helpful, reflecting research-based historical practices of how people learn through experience. This paper presents grounded theory research that develops and proposes a modification of the Joplin model that provides a more accurate model of how North American adolescents learned from their experiences while on a short-term mission trip.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BaconS. B. (1983). The conscious use of metaphor in Outward Bound.Denver, CO: Colorado Outward Bound School.
2.
BatesonM. C. (1994). Peripheral visions: Learning along the way.New York: Harper Collins.
3.
BrunerJ. (1977). The process of education.Harvard, MA: Harvard University Press.
4.
CrosbyA. (1995). A critical look: The philosophical foundations of experiential education. In WarrenK., SakofsM., & HuntJ. S.Jr. (Eds.), The theory of experiential education (pp. 3–13). Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt.
5.
CutcliffeJ. R. (2000). Methodological issues in grounded theory. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 3(16), 1476–1484.
6.
DeweyJ. (1938). Experience and education.New York: Collier.
7.
DeweyJ. (1958). Experience and nature.Dover, DE: Dover Publications.
8.
DeweyJ. (1997/1916). Democracy and education: An introduction to the philosophy of education (Reprint ed.). New York: Simon and Schuster.
9.
EylerJ., GilesJ., & DwightE. (1999). Where's the learning in service-learning?San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
10.
GassM. A. (1995). Programming the transfer of learning in adventure education. In WarrenK., SakofsM., & HuntJ. S.Jr. (Eds.), The theory of experiential education (pp. 131–142). Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt.
11.
GlaserB. G. (1992). Emergence vs. forcing: Basics of grounded theory analysis.Mill Valley, CA: The Sociology Press.
12.
GlaserB. G., & StraussA. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research.New York: Aldine.
JonesK. E. (1998). A study of the difference between faith maturity scale and multidimensional self-concept scale scores for youth participating in two denominational ministry projects. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, Fort Worth, TX.
15.
JoplinL. (1995). On defining experiential education. In WarrenK., SakofsM., & HuntJ. S.Jr. (Eds.), The theory of experiential education (pp. 15–22). Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt.
16.
KayeC. B. (2003). The complete guide to service learning: Proven, practical ways to engage students in civic responsibility, academic curriculum, & social action.Minneapolis, MN: Free Spirit.
17.
KolbD.A. (1976). The learning style inventory: Technical manual.Boston, MA: McBer.
18.
KolbD. A. (1984). Experiential learning.Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
19.
KolbD. A., & FryR. (1975). Toward an applied theory of experiential learning. In CooperC. (Ed.), Theories of group process (pp. 33–57). London, UK: John Wiley.
20.
LinhartT. D. (2003a). Grounded theory as scientific methodology for youth ministry research. Journal of Youth Ministry, 1(2), 27–33.
21.
LinhartT. D. (2003b, April 25). How I see it: Negotiating researcher power on the structures of experience. Paper presented at the 84th Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Chicago, IL.
22.
LinhartT. D. (2005). Planting seeds: The curricular hope for short-term mission experience in youth ministry. Christian Education Journal, Series 3, 2(2), 256–272.
23.
LivermoreD. (2009). Cultural intelligence: Improving your CQ to engage our multicultural world.Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic.
24.
OsmerR. R. (2008). Practical theology: An introduction.Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans.
25.
PinarW. F., ReynoldsW. M., SlatteryP., & TaubmanP. M. (1995). Understanding curriculum (Vol. 17). New York: Peter Lang.
26.
PowellK., & GriffinB. (2009). Deep justice journeys: 50 activities to move from mission trips to missional living.Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan/Youth Specialties.
27.
PowellK., LinhartT., LivermoreD., & GriffinB. (2007). If we send them, they will grow … maybe. Journal of Student Ministries, 1(6), 24–28.
28.
RahnD., & LinhartT. (2009). Evangelism remixed: Empower and equipping students for contagious faith.Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan/Youth Specialties.
