Planning arguments are characteristi cally expressed as stories. As they both tell and manage these stories, planners maintain and redesign com munities. The essay describes five management (and hence design) modes for dealing with narrative conflicts. It focuses particularly on the fifth (postmodernist) strategy that sustains the differences inherent in a field of open moral communi ties.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Ackerman, B.1984. Reconstructing American Law. Cambridge : Harvard University Press.
2.
Argyris, C.1980. Inner Contradictions of Rigorous Research. New York: Academic Press.
3.
Bateson, G., et al. 1956. Toward a theory of schizophreniaBehavioral Science1: 251-264.
4.
Barry, B.1965. Political Argument. London: Routledge and Kegan.
5.
Brown, R.H.1987. Society as Text: Essays on Rhetoric, Reason and Reality. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
6.
Brunsson, N.1985. The Irrational Organization. Irrationality as a Basis for Organizational Action and Change. Chichester ; John Wiley.
7.
Burt, R.A.1984. Constitutional law and the teaching of the parables . Yale Law Journal93: 455-505.
8.
Chatman, S.1978. Story and Discourse: Narrative Structure in Fiction and Film. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
9.
Cochran, C.E.1982. Character, Community and Politics. University, Alabama: University of Alabama Press.
10.
Code, L.1987. Epistemic Responsibility. Hanover , New Hampshire: University Press of New England.
11.
Cohen, S.1986. Historical Culture: On the Recoding of an Academic Discipline . Berkeley: University of California Press.
12.
Connolly, W.E.1987. Politics and Ambiguity. Madison : University of Wisconsin Press.
13.
Danet, B.1980. Language in the legal process. Law and Society Review14:445-564.
14.
Dunn, W.N.1981. Public Policy Analysis: An Introduction. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall .
15.
Elsbree, L.1982. The Rituals of Life: Patterns in Narratives. Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press.
16.
Evans, S.M., and Boyte, H.C.Free Spaces: The Sources of Democratic Change in America. New York: Harper and Row.
17.
Goodman, N.1978. Ways of Worldmaking. Indianapolis : Hackett.
18.
Gouldner, A.W.1979. The Future of Intellectuals and the Rise of the New Class . New York: Seabury Press .
19.
Haar, C. M., and Kayden, J. S., eds. 1989. Zoning and the American Dream: Promises Still to Keep. Chicago: Planners Press.
20.
Hirschhorn, L.1980. Scenario writing: a developmental approach. Journal of the American Planning Association46:172-183.
21.
Holzner, B., and Marx, J.H.1979. Knowledge Application: The Knowledge System in Society . Boston: Allyn and Bacon .
22.
Horowitz, D.L.1977. The Courts and Social Policy. Washington,D.C. : The Brookings Institution.
23.
Hunt, L.1984. Politics, Culture, and Class in the French Revolution . Berkeley: University of California Press.
24.
Kaplan, T.J.1986. The narrative structure of policy analysis. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management5: 761-778.
25.
Lincoln, B., 1989. Discourse and the Construction of Society. Comparative Studies of Myth, Ritual and Classification. New York: Oxford University Press.
26.
McGrath, J.E., and Kelly, J.R.1986. Time and Human Interaction: Toward a Social Psychology of Time. New York: Guilford Press .
27.
MacIntyre, A.1984, 2nd ed. After Virtue . Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press .
28.
Mandelbaum, S.J.1984. Temporal conventions in planning discourse. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design11:5-13.
29.
—. 1985. Historians and planners: the construction of pasts and futures. Journal of the American Planning Association51:185-188.
30.
—. 1988. Open moral communities. Society26:20-27.
31.
—. 1990. MOVE and the poetics of redemption. (unpublished)
32.
Mitchell, W. T., ed. 1981. On Narrative. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
33.
Mizruchi, E.H.1983. Regulating Society: Beguines, Bohemians, and Other Marginals . New York: Free Press .
34.
Needham, R.1985. ExemplarsBerkeley: University of California Press.
35.
Oakeshott, M.1975. On Human Conduct. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
36.
Perin, C.1988. Belonging in America: Reading Between the Lines . Madison : University of Wisconsin Press.
37.
Phelan, J.1989. Reading People, Reading Plots: Character, Progression and the Interpretation of Narrative. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
38.
Ricoeur, P.1984. Time and Narrative. trans. by K. McLaughlin and D. Pellauer. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
39.
Scheingold, S.A.1974. The Politics of Rights: Lawyers, Public Policy and Political Change. New Haven: Yale University Press.
40.
Stokey, E., and Zeckhauser, R.1978. A Primer for Policy AnalysisNew York : W. W. Norton.
41.
Susskind, L., and Elliott, M.1983. Paternalism, Conflict and Coproduction : Learning from Citizen Action and Citizen Participation in Western Europe. New York: Plenum Press
42.
Taylor, C.1989. Sources of the Self: The Making of the Modern Identity . Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
43.
Tilly, C.1981. As Sociology Meets History. New York : Academic Press.
44.
—. 1984. Big Structures, Large Processes, Hugh Comparisons . New York: Russell Sage.
45.
Walzer, M.1985. Exodus and Revolution. New York : Basic Books.
46.
White, H.1987. The Content of the Form: Narrative Discourse and Historical Representation. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.