This article presents the intellectual legacy of Clare Graves, an American professor of psychology, and its relevance for planning as an academic and professional field characterized by worldview diversity and, therefore, also by dilemmas and conflicts. The argument is structured by the sequential answers to four questions: how to determine the most appropriate worldview for a given planning situation; how to navigate in planning contexts characterized by worldview diversity; how to manage worldview-based conflicts; and how to educate planners for effectively dealing with worldview diversity. A discussion on planning ethics concludes the article.
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