This article examines the complementarity of livability and sustainability at a theoretical level but recognizes that linkage in practice is complex. Connection between these concepts is examined through the analysis of comprehensive plans in fourteen jurisdictions in the Mississippi Gulf Coast, where a federally funded regional planning process was initiated to create “livable sustainability.” Results show variation in local plan compliance with the livable sustainability guidelines in the region, with particular challenge integrating nontraditional planning concerns. Attention to issues of scale, context, and potential to enable change will help planners promote long-term sustainability while recognizing local livability preferences.
AgyemanJulianEvansBob. 2004. “‘Just Sustainability’: The Emerging Discourse of Environmental Justice in Britain?” The Geographical Journal170 (2): 155–64.
2.
AllenTimothy F. H.2010. “Making Livable Sustainable Systems Unremarkable.” Systems Research and Behavioral Science27 (5): 469–79.
3.
BerkePhilip R.2002. “Does Sustainable Development Offer a New Direction for Planning? Challenges for the Twenty-First Century.” Journal of Planning Literature17 (2): 262–331.
4.
BerkePhilip R.ConroyMaria Manta. 2001. “Are We Planning for Sustainable Development?” Journal of the American Planning Association66 (1): 21–33.
5.
BerkePhilipGodschalkDavid. 2009. “Searching for the Good Plan: A Meta-Analysis of Plan Quality Studies.” Journal of Planning Literature23 (3): 227–40.
6.
BerkePhilip R.FrenchSteven P.1994. “The Influence of State Planning Mandates on Local Plan Quality.” Journal of Planning Education and Research13 (4): 237–50.
7.
BlancoHilda. 2012. “Public Participation in Neighborhood Planning: A Neglected Aspect of Community Livability: The Case of Seattle.” In Community Livability: Issues and Approaches to Sustaining the Well-Being of People and Communities, edited by WagnerF.CavesR., 183–97. New York: Routledge.
8.
BullardRobert D.1990. Dumping in Dixie: Race, Class, and Environmental Quality. Boulder, CO: Westview.
9.
CampbellScott. 1996. “Green Cities, Growing Cities, Just Cities? Urban Planning and the Contradictions of Sustainable Development.” Journal of the American Planning Association62 (3): 296–312.
10.
CarsonRachel. (1962) 2003. Silent Spring. New York: Houghton Mifflin.
11.
ChazalJacqueline de. 2010. “A Systems Approach to Livability and Sustainability: Defining Terms and Mapping Relationships to Link Desires with Ecological Opportunities and Constraints.” Systems Research and Behavioral Science27 (5): 585–97.
12.
ChifosCarla. 2007. “The Sustainable Communities Experiment in the United States.” Journal of Planning Education and Research26 (4): 435–49.
13.
City of Biloxi. 2009. City of Biloxi Comprehensive Plan. Biloxi, Mississippi.
14.
City of D’Iberville. 2010. City of D’Iberville 20 Year Comprehensive Plan. D’Iberville, Mississippi.
15.
City of Long Beach. 2009. Long Beach, Mississippi, Comprehensive Plan. Long Beach, Mississippi.
16.
City of Pascagoula. 2010. City of Pascagoula 2010 Comprehensive Plan—Review Draft. Pascagoula, Mississippi.
17.
Partnership for Sustainable Communities. 2010. “Supporting Environmental Justice and Equitable Development.” vol. 2012.
18.
ConroyM. M.BerkeP. R.2004. “What Makes a Good Sustainable Development Plan? An Analysis of Factors That Influence Principles of Sustainable Development.” Environment and Planning A36 (8): 1381–96.
19.
ConroyMaria Manta. 2006. “Moving the Middle Ahead: Challenges and Opportunities of Sustainability in Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio.” Journal of Planning Education and Research26 (1): 18–27.
20.
DalyHerman E.1990. “Toward Some Operational Principles of Sustainable Development.” Ecological economics2 (1): 1–6.
21.
DavidoffPaul. 1965. “Advocacy and Pluralism in Planning.” Journal of the American Institute of Planners31 (4): 331–38.
22.
DillJennifer. 2009. “Bicycling for Transportation and Health: The Role of Infrastructure.” Journal of Public Health Policy30 (Suppl 1): S95–S110.
23.
DuanyAndresPlater-ZyberkElizabethSpeckJeff. 2000. Suburban Nation. The Rise of Sprawl and the Decline of Nation. New York: North Point Press.
24.
Evans-CowleyJennifer S.GoughMeghan Zimmerman. 2009. “Evaluating New Urbanist Plans in Post-Katrina Mississippi”. Journal of Urban Design14 (4): 439–61.
25.
FaggianAlessandraOlfertM. RosePartridgeMark D.2012. “Inferring Regional Well-Being from Individual Revealed Preferences: The ‘Voting with Your Feet’ Approach.” Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society5 (1): 163–80.
GasparatosA.El-HaramM.HornerM.2009. “The Argument against a Reductionist Approach for Measuring Sustainable Development Performance and the Need for Methodological Pluralism.” Accounting Forum33 (3): 245–56.
28.
GodschalkDavid R.2004. “Land Use Planning Challenges: Coping with Conflicts in Visions of Sustainable Development and Livable Communities.” Journal of the American Planning Association70 (1): 5–13.
29.
Harrison County (Miss.). 2008. 2030 Harrison County Comprehensive Plan: Moving into the Future, While Learning from the Past. Columbus, Ohio: The Ohio State University, Austin E. Knowlton School of Architecture.
30.
HoldenMeg. 2012. “Is Integrated Planning Any More Than the Sum of Its Parts?: Considerations for Planning Sustainable Cities.” Journal of Planning Education and Research32 (3): 305–18.
HowleyPeterScottMarkRedmondDeclan. 2009. “Sustainability versus Liveability: An Investigation of Neighbourhood Satisfaction.” Journal of Environmental Planning and Management52 (6): 847–64.
33.
JacobsJane. 1961. The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York: Random House LLC.
34.
JepsonEdward J.2004. “The Adoption of Sustainable Development Policies and Techniques in U.S. Cities: How Wide, How Deep, and What Role for Planners?” Journal of Planning Education and Research23 (3): 229–41.
35.
KaufmanJerome L.2004. “Introduction.” Journal of Planning Education and Research23 (4): 335–40.
36.
KhalilHeba Allah Essam E.2012. “Enhancing Quality of Life through Strategic Urban Planning.” Sustainable Cities and Society5: 77–86.
37.
KoontzTomas M.2006. “Collaboration for Sustainability? A Framework for Analyzing Government Impacts in Collaborative- Environmental Management.” Sustainability2 (1): 15–24.
38.
LeyA.NewtonP.2010. “Creating and Sustaining Liveable Cities.” In Developing Living Cities: From Analysis to Action. Singapore: World Scientific.
39.
LeyDavid. 1990. “Urban Liveability in Context.” Urban Geography11 (1): 31–35.
40.
LitmanT.2007. “Developing indicators for Comprehensive and Transport Planning.” Transportation Research Record2017, 10–15.
41.
LitmanT.2011. Sustainability and Livability: Summary of Definitions, Goals, Objectives and Performance Indicators. Victoria, Canada: Victoria Transport Policy Institute.
42.
LynchKevin. 1960.
The Image of the City. Cambridge: MIT Press.
43.
MarshallWesley E.2013. “An Evaluation of Livability in Creating Transit-Enriched Communities for Improved Regional Benefits.” Research in Transportation Business & Management7: 54–68.
44.
MaslowAbraham H.1998. Toward a Psychology of Being, 3rd edition.New York: John Wiley.
45.
MilesMatthew B.HubermanA. Michael. 1994. Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook, 2nd edition.Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
46.
MillerHarvey J.WitloxFrankTribbyCalvin P.2013. “Developing Context-Sensitive Livability Indicators for Transportation Planning: A Measurement Framework.” Journal of Transport Geography26: 51–64.
47.
MyersDowell. 1987. “Community-Relevant Measurement of Quality of Life: A Focus on Local Trends.” Urban Affairs Review23 (1): 108–25.
48.
MyersDowell. 1988. “Building Knowledge about Quality of Life for Urban Planning.” Journal of the American Planning Association54 (3): 347–58.
49.
NewtonPeter W.2012. “Liveable and Sustainable? Socio-technical Challenges for Twenty-First-Century Cities.” Journal of Urban Technology19 (1): 81–102.
50.
OppS. M.SaundersK. L.2013. “Pillar Talk: Local Sustainability Initiatives and Policies in the United States—Finding Evidence of the ‘Three E's’: Economic Development, Environmental Protection, and Social Equity.” Urban Affairs Review49 (5): 678–717.
51.
PacioneMichael. 1990. “Urban Liveability: A Review.” Urban Geography11 (1): 1–30.
52.
PacioneMichael. 2003. “Urban Environmental Quality and Human Wellbeing—A Social Geographical Perspective.” Landscape and Urban Planning65 (1): 19–30.
53.
PortneyKent. 2005. “Civic Engagement and Sustainable Cities in the United States.” Public Administration Review65 (5): 579–91.
54.
PortneyKent. 2013. Taking Sustainable Cities Seriously: Economic Development, the Environment, and Quality of Life in American Cities. Cambridge: MIT Press.
55.
ReesW. E.1995. “Achieving Sustainability: Reform or transformation?” Journal of Planning Literature9:343–61.
56.
RooGert deMillerDonald. 2000. Compact Cities and Sustainable Urban Development: A Critical Assessment of Policies and Plans from an International Perspective. Aldershot, England: Ashgate.
57.
RoselandMark. 2012. Toward Sustainable Communities: Solutions for Citizens and Their Government. Canada: New Society Publishers.
58.
RuthMatthiasFranklinRachel S.2013. “Livability for All? Conceptual Limits and Practical Implications.” Applied Geography49:18–23.
59.
SahaD.PatersonR. G.2008. “Local Government Efforts to Promote the ‘Three Es’ of Sustainable Development: Survey in Medium to Large Cities in the United States.” Journal of Planning Education and Research28 (1): 21–37.
60.
SeetharamKallidaikurichiYuenBelinda. 2010. Developing Living Cities: From Analysis to Action. River Edge, NJ: World Scientific.
61.
StevensMark R.LylesWardBerkePhilip R.2014. “Measuring and Reporting Intercoder Reliability in Plan Quality Evaluation Research.” Journal of Planning Education and Research34:77–93.
62.
U.S. Coordination Center for the UN Conference on Environment and Development. 1992. UNCED, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, June, 1992: General Information. Washington, DC: U.S. Coordination Center for the U.N. Conference on Environment and Development.
63.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2008. “Notice of Funding Availability (NOFA) for HUD’s Fiscal Year 2011 Sustainable Communities Regional Planning Grant Program.” Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
64.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2010. Partnership for Sustainable Communities: An Interagency Partnership of HUD, DOT, & EPA. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. http://www.sustainablecommunities.gov/pdf/FactSheet.pdf.
65.
VallanceS.PerkinsH.DixonJ.2011. “What Is Social Sustainability? A Clarification of Concepts.” Geoforum42:342–48.
66.
van KampI.LeidelmeijerK.MarsmanG.de HollanderA.2003. “Urban Environmental Quality and Human Well-Being.” Landscape and Urban Planning65 (1–2): 5–18.
67.
WackernagelMathisReesWilliam E.1997. “Perceptual and Structural Barriers to Investing in Natural Capital: Economics from an Ecological Footprint Perspective.” Ecological Economics20 (1): 3–24.
68.
WCED (World Commission on Environment and Development). 1987. Our Common Future. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
69.
WheelerStephen. 2013. Planning for Sustainability: Creating Livable, Equitable and Ecological Communities. New York: Routledge.
