This article reflects on a process of analytic deliberation about the future energy economy of New Jersey. Scenario analysis looking forward thirty years identifies tradeoffs and synergies among environmental, economic, and security objectives identified by stakeholders. Modest, unilateral greenhouse gas reductions seem affordable and may improve energy security. More dramatic, long-term greenhouse gas reductions seem less feasible given current technologies and policies, indicating the need for research now to invent “Solution X.” The two-year effort has helped align expectations among divergent policy actors and also helped embolden political leaders, who have acted in parallel with this project rather than waiting for its conclusion.
Andrews, C.J.2000. Restoring legitimacy to the systems approach. IEEE Technology & Society (Winter 2000/2001) 19 (4): 38-44.
2.
---. 2002. Humble analysis: The practice of joint fact-finding. Westport, CT: Praeger.
3.
Arnstein S.1969. A ladder of citizen participation. Journal of the American Planning Association35 (4): 216-24.
4.
Baxamusa, M.H.2008. Empowering communities through deliberation: The model of community benefits agreements. Journal of Planning Education and Research27 (3): 261-76.
Brail, R. K., and R. E. Klosterman, eds. 2001. Planning support systems: Integrating geographic information systems, models, and visualization tools. Redlands, CA: ESRI Press .
7.
Chess, C., T. Dietz, and M. Shannon.1998. Who should deliberate when? Human Ecology Forum5 (1): 45-48.
8.
Corzine, J.S.2007. Executive Order 54. State of New Jersey. Available at http://www.state.nj.us/infobank/circular/eojsc54.htm .
9.
Dorschner, J.2008. Utilities: Climate study deepens rift. Miami Herald, March 6, C1.
10.
Energy Information Administration (EIA), U.S. Department of Energy.2006a. Energy market impacts of alternative greenhouse gas intensity reduction goals. http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/servicerpt/agg/pdf/sroiaf(2006)01.pdf (accessed on December 1, 2006).
11.
---. 2006b. Annual energy outlook. 2006. Washington, DC.
12.
Eshet, T., O. Ayalon, and M. Schechter.2005. A critical review of economic valuation studies of externalities from incineration and landfilling. Waste Management and Research23:487-504.
13.
Fischer, F.1990. Technocracy and the politics of expertise. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
14.
Flyvbjerg, B.1998. Rationality and power: Democracy in practice. Transl. Steven Sampson. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
15.
Friedmann, J.1989. Planning the in public domain: From knowledge to action . Chichester, UK: Princeton University Press.
16.
Ghanadan, R., and J. Koomey.2005. Using energy scenarios to explore alternative energy pathways in California. Energy Policy33:1117-42.
17.
Global Insight, Inc.2006. The U.S. economy: The 30 year focus. 3rd Quarter2006. Waltham, MA.
18.
Greenberg, M., N. Mantell, M. Lahr, F. Felder, and R. Zimmerman.2007. Short and intermediate economic impacts of a terrorist-initiated loss of electric power: Case study of New Jersey . Energy Policy35:722-33.
19.
Guston, D.H.2000. Between politics and science: Assuring the integrity and productivity of research. New York: Cambridge University Press.
20.
---. 2001. Boundary organizations in environmental policy and science: An introduction. Science, Technology, and Human Values26 (4): 399-408.
21.
Hoch, C.2007. Pragmatic communicative action theory. Journal of Planning Education and Research26:272-83.
22.
Hopkins, L.D.2001. Urban development: The logic of making plans. Washington, DC: Island Press.
23.
Hopkins, L. D., and M. Zapata , eds. 2007. Engaging the future: Forecasts, scenarios, plans, and projects. Cambridge, MA: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.
24.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).2001. Climate change 2001: Mitigation. Third Assessment report . http://www.ipcc.ch (accessed on September 6, 2007).
25.
Janssen, Ronald.1991. Multi-objective decision support for environmental problems. PhD dissertation, Vrije Universiteit teAmsterdam, Netherlands.
26.
Jasanoff, S.1990. The fifth branch: Science advisors as policymakers. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
27.
Keating, T.J.2001. Lessons from the recent history of the Health Effects Institute. Science, Technology, and Human Values26 (4): 409-30.
28.
Kuzmyak, J.R., R.H. Pratt, and G.B. Douglas.2003. Land use and site design. Chapter 15 of Traveler response to transportation system changes, TCRP Report 95, Transit Cooperative Research Program. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board.
29.
Lee, D.B., Jr.1973. Requiem for large-scale models. American Institute of Planners39 (3): 163-78.
30.
Moore, K.2007. Experts explain how NJ can cut emissions. Asbury Park Press, October 30.
31.
National Ethanol Vehicle Coalition (NEVC).2006. 2007 E85 compatible vehicles list. http://www.e85fuel.com/ (accessed December 24, 2006).
32.
National Research Council (NRC).1996. Understanding risk: Informing decisions in a democratic society. Stern P. C., and H. Fineberg , eds. Washington DC: National Academy Press.
33.
New Jersey Board of Public Utilities (NJBPU).2007. New Jersey energy master plan assumptions. http://nj.gov/emp/ (accessed September 6, 2007).
34.
New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP).2007. New Jersey Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory Update. Trenton, NJ.
35.
New Jersey Office of the Governor.2007. Governor signs Global Warming Response Act. Press release. http://nj.gov/governor/news/news/approved/20070706.html.
36.
New Jersey, State of (NJ).2008. New Jersey energy master plan (draft). http://www.state.nj.us/emp (accessed April 23, 2008).
37.
New Jersey Sustainable State Institute (NJSSI).1999. Living with the future in mind: Goals and indicators of sustainability for New Jersey. 1st ed. Trenton, NJ: New Jersey Future.
38.
---. 2004. Living with the future in mind: Goals and indicators of sustainability for New Jersey. 3rd ed. New Brunswick, NJ: NJSSI. http://njssi.org (accessed April 23, 2008).
39.
---. 2007. Energy and climate in New Jersey: Energy Sustainability Project final report. http://njssi.org (accessed April 23, 2008).
40.
Office of Smart Growth (OSG), New Jersey Department of Community Affairs.2007. New Jersey State development and redevelopment plan. http://www.nj.gov/dca/osg/plan/ (accessed September 6, 2007).
41.
Price, D.K.1965. The scientific estate. Cambridge, MA : Belknap Press.
42.
Santana, R.2007. Report is mixed on N.J.'s role in global warming. Philadelphia Inquirer. June 3.
43.
Shmueli, D.F., S. Kaufman, and C. Ozawa.2008. Mining negotiation theory for planning insights. Journal of Planning Education and Research27 (3): 359-64.
44.
Star, S.L., and J.R. Griesemer.1989. Institutional ecology, "translations," and boundary objects: Amateurs and professionals in Berkeley's Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, 1907-1939. Social Studies of Science19 (3): 387-420.
45.
U.S. Department of Energy (USDOE).2006. Breaking the biological barriers to cellulosic ethanol: A joint research agenda. DOE SC-0095. USDOE Office of Science and Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. http://genomicsgtl.energy.gov/biofuels/b2bworkshop.shtml (accessed December 24, 2006).
46.
Wengert, N.1976. Citizens participation: Practice in search of a theory , in Natural resources for a democratic society, ed. A. Utton.Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
47.
Wright, J.2007. NJ needs help to meet climate goals. Bergen Record, November 2.
