Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was applied to study a bal cony spill plume. The CFD model CC-EXACT reported earlier was selected as the simulator. A linear correlation equation for the mass flow rates of a spill plume was derived and compared with those appearing in the literature.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
W.K. Chow, Simulation of fire environment for linear atria in Hong Kong, ASCE Journal of Architectural Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 2, p. 80-88 (1997).
2.
W.K. Chow, A comparison of the use of fire zone and field models for simulating atrium smoke-filling processes, Fire Safety Journal , Vol. 25, No. 1, p. 53-75 (1995).
3.
W.K. Chow and E. Cui, Plume equations for studying smoke-filling process in atria with a zone model , Fire and Materials, Vol. 21, No. 2, p. 235-244 (1997).
4.
H.P. Morgan, The horizontal flow of buoyant gases toward an opening, Fire Safety Journal, Vol. 11, No. 2, p. 193-200 (1986).
5.
M. Law, A note on smoke plumes from fires in multi-level shopping malls, Fire Safety Journal, Vol. 10, No. 2, p. 197-202 (1986).
6.
H.P. Morgan , Letter to the Editor, Fire Safety Journal, Vol. 12, No. 1, p. 83 (1987).
7.
M. Law, Letter to the Editor, Fire Safety Journal , Vol.12, No.1, p. 85 (1987).
8.
G.O. Hansell, H.P. Morgan and N.R. Marshall, Smoke flow experiments in a model atrium, Building Research Establishment (BRE) Occasional Paper OP 55, Fire Research Station , BRE, UK (1993).
9.
M. Law, Measurements of balcony smoke flow, Fire Safety Journal , Vol. 24, p. 189-195 (1995).
10.
P. Thomas, Discussion of "Measurements of balcony smoke flow,"Fire Safety Journal, Vol. 24, No. 3, p. 201-202 (1995).
11.
P.H. Thomas , H.P. Morgan and N. Marshall, The spill plume in smoke control design , Fire Safety Journal, Vol. 30, No. 1, p. 21-46 (1998).
12.
M. Poreh, H.P. Morgan, N. Marshall and R. Harrison, Entrainment by two-dimensional spill plumes, Fire Safety Journal, Vol. 30, No. 1, p. 1-19 (1998).
13.
NFPA 92B, Guide for Smoke Management Systems in Malls Atria, and Large Areas, 1995 Edition, National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), USA. (1995).
14.
W.K. Chow and Weicheng Fan, The PolyU/USTC Atrium, Information Leaflet, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (1998).
15.
P.G. Shield , P. Tjelflaat and D. Aiulfi, Guidelines for CFD modeling of atria, ASHRAE Transactions: Symposia, Vol. 101, Part 1, p. 1311-1332 (1995).
16.
W.K. Chow, Use of computational fluid dynamics for simulating enclosure fires, Journal of Fire Sciences, Vol. 13, No. 4, p. 300-334 (1995).
17.
W.K. Chow and E. Cui, CFD Code CC-EXACT, Research Report, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (1998).
18.
T. Kurabuchi , J.B. Fang and R.A. Grot, A numerical method for calculating indoor airflows using a turbulence model, NIST Report, R89-4211, National Institution of Technology and Standards, Maryland, USA (1990).
19.
W.K. Chow, Comment on numerical study of stratification of a smoke layer in a corridor , Combustion Science and Technology , Vol. 46, p. 331-333 (1986).
20.
T. Hayase, J.A. Humphrey and R. Greif, A consistently formulated QUICK scheme for fast and stable convergence using finite-volume iterative calculation procedures, Journal of Computational Physics, Vol. 98, p. 108-118 (1992).
21.
W.K. Chow and W.M. Leung, A short note on achieving convergent results in simulating building fire using the k-ε turbulent model, Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A, Vol. 17, p. 495-501 (1990).
22.
F.M. White, Fluid Mechanics, Third Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York (1994).
23.
S. Miles, S. Kumar and G. Cox, The balcony spill plume—some CFD simulations, Fire Safety Science—Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium, p. 237-247, International Association for Fire Safety Sciences (1997).
24.
S. L. Lee and H.W. Emmons, A study of natural convection above line fires, Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Vol. 11, No. 3, p. 353-368 (1961).
