Three methods of rendering upholstery fabrics smolder resistant were evaluated by determining the rate and extent of percent weight loss of a small scale mock-up system when the fabrics, with and without treatment, were tested in combination with F.R. cotton batting, F.R. polyurethane foam and resinated polyester fiber batting. A lit cigarette was placed in the crevice formed by the abutment of vertical and horizontal panels. The three methods of treatment in cluded two types of backcoating and a methyl borate vapor phase treatment of the entire fabric.
Eighth Annual Flammable Fabrics Report, December 1980, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Division of Program Analysis, Epidemiology. Source of data derived by National Fire Protection Association extrapolating U.S. Fire Administration data from 15 states to NFPA national estimates.
2.
Damant, Gordon H., John A. McCormack and Sharon S. Williams , "California Enforcement Tests on Commercial Chairs", Seventh International Conference on Fire Safety, Stanford Research Institute, Menlo Park, California, January 11, 1982.
3.
Damant, Gordon H."A Survey of Upholstery Fabrics and Their Flammability Characteristics", Laboratory Report No. SP-74-1, October 1974.
4.
Damant, Gordon H., and Margaret A. Young , "Smoldering Characteristics of Fabrics Used as Upholstered Furniture Coverings", Laboratory Report No. SP-77-1, January 1977.
5.
Damant, Gordon H., and Margaret A. Young , "Flammability Classification of Fabric Used as Upholstered Furniture Coverings", Laboratory Report No. SP-77-6, September 1977.
6.
Damant, Gordon H., John A. McCormack and Pamela S. Wortman , "Flexible Polyurethane Foam—A Smoldering Study", Laboratory Report No. SP-79-1, November 1979.
7.
Williams, Sharon S. and Gordon H. Damant , "Rate of Weight Loss as an Aid to Evaluate the Smoldering Propensity of Upholstered Furniture", Laboratory Report No. SP-81-1, February 1981.
8.
Damant, Gordon H., "Flammability Aspects of Upholstered Furniture", Laboratory Report No. SP-76-1 , January 1976.
9.
Damant, Gordon H., "A Survey of Upholstery Fabrics and Their Flammability Characteristics", Journal of Consumer Product Flammability, Vol. 2, March 1975. pp. 5-57.
10.
Williams, Sharon S. and Gordon H. Damant, "Rate of Weight Loss as an Aid to Evaluate the Smoldering Propensity of Upholstery Fabrics", Journal of Consumer Product Flammability , Vol. 8, June 1981, pp. 89-104.
11.
Donaldson, Darrell J.; Hubert H. St. Mard; Robert J. Harper, Jr.; "Imparting Smolder-Resistance to Cotton Upholstery Fabrics", Textile Research Journal, April 1979, Vol.49, No. 4, pp. 185-189.
12.
Donaldson, Darrell J. and Robert J. Harper, Jr., "Controlled Add-on to Reduce Upholstery Ignition", Textile Research Journal, March 1980, Vol. 50, No. 3, pp. 205-208.
13.
Tesoro, Giuliana C., "The Fire Safety of Upholstered Furniture: An Evaluation of the State-of-the-Art and Potential Improvement", Journal of Consumer Product Flammability, June 1981, Vol. 8, pp. 132-143.
14.
Damant, Gordon H., Sharon S. Williams and John F. Krasny, "Cigarette Ignition Behavior of Commercial Upholstery Cover Fabrics,"Journal of Consumer Product Flammability, March 1982, Vol. 9, pp. 31-46.
15.
Leitner, George J., "Reactive Organophosphorus Additives as Smolder Retardant Agents in Furniture Fabric Backcoatings", Journal of Consumer Product Flammability, September 1981, Vol. 8, pp. 158-168.
16.
Letter from Keith Morton, Para-Chem Southern, to Gordon H. Damant, Bureau of Home Furnishings, dated April 7, 1981.
17.
Madacsi, John P. and Nestor B. Knoepfler, "Upgrading Flammability Classification of Upholstery Fabrics Via Vapor-Phase Deposition of Boric Acid", Textile Research Journal, March 1979, Vol. 49, No. 3, pp. 176-183.
18.
Baitinger, William F., "Vapor Treatment of Cotton Upholstery Fabrics with Trimethylborate", Proceedings o f the Fall Con ference for the Fire Retardant Chemicals Association, Building Contents , pp. 175-190. Conference held October 12-14, 1981.
19.
McCarter, Robert J., "Smoldering Combustion of Cotton and Rayon" , Journal of Consumer Product Flammability , December 1977, Vol. 4, pp. 346-358.
20.
Hilado, Carlos J., Linda J. Doty, Howard L. Needles and Sarfray A. Siddiqui, "The Contribution of Dyes to the Smolder Susceptibility of Cotton Fabrics", Journal of Consumer Product Flammability, June 1982, Vol. 9, pp. 49-55.
21.
Baitinger, William F. and Patricia L. Haynes , "Furniture Flammability: Fabric Opportunities" . Presented at the Natural Fibers Textile Conference, Charlotte, North Caroline, September 18-20, 1979.
22.
Technical Information Bulletin 117, Requirements, Test Procedure and Apparatus for Testing the Flame Retardance of Resilient Filling Materials Used in Upholstered Furniture, January 1980, Bureau of Home Furnishings.
