Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to establish a CNS 15038 conforming apparatus for smoke leakage testing. The maximum test size accommodated by its test chamber is 3 m(H) × 3 m(W). The test apparatus is capable of controlling temperature and pressure. The test chamber wall, fan, and air duct are enclosed by sandwich construction (steel plate + rock wool + steel plate) and filled with heat resistant materials, which reduces the leakage rate of the apparatus to 1 m³/h. Three circular openings with different areas are used in this study for the basic volumetric airflow rate test. The apparatus proves to be capable of accurately measuring the volumetric airflow rate for a range of opening areas. The measurement is also made for wooden doors. The results of the study show that the volumetric airflow rate decreases gradually when the temperature increases, but as the temperature reaches 150°C, the volumetric airflow rate for wooden doors starts to increase. The test apparatus can be used for measuring the volumetric airflow rate for various gaps or openings. The design of this apparatus also provides an example for establishing other leakage test apparatus in the future.

Keywords

leakage test pressure difference air temperature.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Clarke, F.B. (1997). Physiological Effects of Smoke: Managing Escape, ASHRAE Journal, 39(3): 47-56.

Klote, J.H. (1995). Smoke Control, SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, 2nd edn, Chapter 12, Section 4, pp. 230-245.

ISO 5925/1 (1981). Fire Test-Evaluation of Performance of Smoke Control Door Assemblies-Part 1: Ambient Temperature Test, International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Geneva, Switzerland.

ISO 5925/2 (1997). Fire Test-Smoke Control Door and Shutter Assemblies-Part 2: Commentary on Test Method and Test Data Application, International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Geneva, Switzerland.

UL 1784 (1990). Air Leakage Tests of Door Assemblies.

BS 476-31 (1983). Methods for Measuring Smoke Penetration Through Door Sets and Shutter Assemblies.

DIN 18095-1 (1988). Smoke Control Doors; Concepts and Requirements, German, October.

DIN 18095-2 (1991). Smoke Control Doors; Type Testing for Durability and Leakage, German .

JIS A 1516 (1998). Windows and Doorsets - Air Permeability Test.

10.

CNS 15038 (2006). Method of Test for Evaluating Smoke Control Performance of Doors.

11.

Rakic, J. (2000). The Performance of Unit Entry Doors When Exposed to Simulated Sprinkler Controlled Fires, Fire Australia, February 2000, pp. 24-28.

12.

Kazuki, U. (1997). Fire Testing of Window Glass for Integrity and Smoke Leakage, Research Report, Architecture Institute of Japan (AIJ), Kanto branch, Paper No. 8.

13.

Cooper, L.Y. (1981). Measuring the Leakage of Door Assemblies During Standard Fire Exposures, Fire and Materials , 5(4): 163-174.

14.

Ta-Hui Lin. (2003). Study of Method of Test for Evaluating Smoke Control Performance of Fire Doors, Architecture and Building Research Institute report, Ministry of Interior , Taiwan.

15.

Sudo, M. , Tamaka, T. and Saito, F. (1995). A Study on Development of Leakage Test Apparatus , Conference Paper, Architecture Institute of Japan (AIJ) in Hokkaido, Paper No. 3021.

16.

ISO 834-1 (1999). Fire-Resistance Tests-Elements of Building Construction: Part 1: General Requirements .

17.

Chan-Wei Wu , Ta-Hui Lin , Chien-Jung Chen and Ming-Ju Tsai (2007). Smoke Leakage Through Wall Openings in a Fire, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 32(1): 29-37.

18.

Zukoski, E.E. (1995). Properties of Fire Plumes , In: Cox, G. (ed.), Combustion Fundamentals of Fire, Academic Press, London, Chapter 3, pp. 101-219.

19.

Fang Liu , Lan Gong and Zhi-Jun Yan. ( 2000). Opening Flow Coefficient and Its Effect on Fire Smoke Flow, Journal of Chongqing Jianzhu University, 22: 86-92.

20.

NFPA (1999). NFPA 80: Standard for Fire Doors, Fire Windows, National Fire Protection Association, USA.

21.

Standard Australia. (2005 ). Australian Standard-Components for the Protection of Openings in Fire-Resistant wall, AS 1905.1.

22.

Building Authority . (1996 ). Code of Practice on Fire Resisting Construction, Hong Kong Government.

23.

CNS 11227 (2002) Method of Fire Resistance Test for Fire Door of Buildings.

Development and Application of Smoke Leakage Test Apparatus

Abstract

Keywords

Get full access to this article

References