Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online 2000-03
Use of Thermoplastic Polyurethanes as Carbonisation Agents in Intumescent Blends. Part 3: Modification of the Dynamic Properties of Polypropylene/Thermoplastic Polyurethane/Ammonium Polyphosphate Formulations with Heat and Stress
Previous studies have shown the fire retardancy performance and the improved thermal behaviour of polypropylene (PP)-based materials when a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/ammonium polyphosphate (APP) system is melt blended with the polypropylene matrix. This work deals with the evaluation of the dynamic properties of a typical PP/TPU/APP material. The ex periments, carried out using a rheometer as a thermal reactor, allow a correla tion between fire and thermal behaviour of the material with the change of its high temperature dynamic properties.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Christensen R.M. , "Theory of viscoelasticity," Academic Press, New York, 1971.
2.
Ferry J.D., "Viscoelastic properties of polymers," Wiley and Sons, New York, 1980.
Scott Blair G.W.," Elementary rheology," Academic Press, London andNew York, 1969.
5.
Wolff C., "Techniques de l'Ingénieur," R2350-1 to R2351-18, Paris , 1982.
6.
Poutch F., "Mesure de la viscosité de formulations rheologiquement complexes. Application au copolymère ethylène-acétate de vinyle," Engineer Dissertation, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers de Lille (available ENSCL), 1998.
7.
Strivens T.A. , "An introduction to rheology," in: R. Lambourne ed., "Paint and Surface Coatings ," Ellis Horwood Ltd., Chichester , UK, 1987, 14, 51.
8.
Bugajny M., Le Bras M., Bourbigot S., Poutch F. and Lefebvre J.-M., "The use of thermoplastic polyurethane as carbonisation agent in intumescent blend—Part 1: Fire retardancy of polypropylene/thermoplastic polyurethane/ammonium polyphosphate," J. Fire Sci., 1999, 17 (11-12), 494-513.
9.
Bugajny M., Le Bras M.and Bourbigot S., "The use of thermoplastic polyurethane as carbonisation agent in intumescent blend—Part 2: Thermal behaviour of polypropylene/polyurethane/ammonium polyphosphate," J. Fire Sci., 2000, under press.
10.
Le Bras M., Rose N., Bourbigot S., Henry Y. and Delobel R., "The degradation front model—a tool for the chemical study of the degradation of epoxy resins in fire," J. Fire Sci., 1996 , 14, 199, 233.
11.
Le Bras M. and Bourbigot S., "Intumescent fire retardant polypropylene formulations," in "Polypropylene: An A-Z Reference." J. Karger-Kocsis ed., Chapman and Hall, London, 1999, 357-365.
12.
Bourbigot S. , Le Bras M., Delobel R. and Tremillon J.-M., "Synergistic effect of zeolite in an intumescence process," J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans., 1996 ; 92 (18), 3435-3444.
13.
Le Bras M. and Bourbigot S., "Fire retarded intumescent thermoplastics formulations, synergy and synergistic agents—A review," in: "Fire Retardancy of Polymers: The Use of Intumescence," Le Bras M, G. Camino, S. Bourbigot and R. Delobel eds., The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge (UK), 1998, 64.
14.
Horrocks D., "Polymers and textiles in fire combustion, flame retardants and testings ," University of Leeds, 1998.
15.
Bugajny M., Le Bras M. and S. Bourbigot, "Short communication: New approach to the dynamic properties of an intumescent material," Fire & Mater., 23, 1999:49-51.
16.
Berlin Al. Al., Khalturinskij N.A. , Reshetnikov I.S. and Yablokova M. Yu, "Some aspects of mechanical stability of intumescent chars," in: "Fire Retardancy of Polymers: The Use of Intumescence." Le Bras M, Camino G., Bourbigot S. and Delobel R. eds., The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge (UK) 1998:104-112.
17.
Delobel R., Bourbigot S., Le Bras M., Schmidt Y. and Leroy J.-M., "Invariant values of kinetic parameters—Evaluation of fire retardancy-application to the PP-APP/PER system," Makromol. Chem., Macromol. Symp. , 1993, 74, 59-69.
18.
Costa L., Catala J.M., Gibov K.M., Gribanov A.V., Levchik S.V. and Khalturinskij N.A. , "Mechanism of action of halogen-free fire retardants and developmental approaches to design of new fire retardants with reduced environmental and health concerns," in "Fire Retardancy of Polymers : The Use of Intumescence," Le Bras M., Camino G., Bourbigot S. and Delobel R. eds., The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge (UK) 1998:76-87.
19.
Reshetnikov I.S. , Yablokova M.Yu. and Khalturinskij N.A., in "Fire Retardancy of Polymers: The Use of Intumescence," Le Bras M, Camino G., Bourbigot S. and Delobel R. eds., The Royal Society of Chemistry, 1998:140-151.
20.
Antonov A., Potapova E., Rudojova T., Reshetnikov I., Zubkova N., Tuganova M. and Khalturinskij N.A. , in "Fire Retardancy of Polymers: The Use of Intumescence," Le Bras M, Camino G., Bourbigot S. and Delobel R. eds., The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge (UK) 1998:290-303.
