Based on a surrey of 550 people at four sites, this study examines whether managers, union officials and employees in union-management cooperative efforts consider their programs more effective than do their counterparts in similar programs designed by management alone. Planned comparisons between types of programs showed that managers, union officials, and employees rated cooperative efforts differently with respect to both degree of effectiveness and areas of effectiveness. Managers and employees were more favorable about cooperative efforts than were union officials. Planned comparisons within similar types of programs showed that the three groups within cooperative efforts did not have more similar attitudes toward their programs than did the three groups in management designed programs.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Anthony W.Participative Management. New York: Addison-Wesley; 1978:
2.
Argyris C.,Schon D. A.,Schon D.A.Organizational Learning: A Theory of Action Perspective. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley; 1978:
3.
Brett J. M.,Hammer T. H.Industrial Relations Research in the 1970s: Review and Appraisal. Kochan T. A.Mitchell D. J. B.Dyer L., ed. Madison, WI: Industrial Relations Research Association; 1982:
4.
Bullock R. J..“Participation and Pay.”.Group and Organization Studies. 1983;8,1:127-136
5.
Bullock R. J.,Macy B. A.,Mirvis P.H.Assessing Organizational Change: A Guide to Methods, Measures, and Practices. Seashore S. E.Lawler E. E.Mirvis P. H.Cammann C., ed. New York: Wiley; 1983:
6.
Cammann C.,Lawler E. E.,Ledford G.E.,Seashore S.E.“Management-Labor Cooperation in Quality of Worklife Experiments: Comparative Analyses of Eight Cases.”. Ann Arbor, MI: Survey Research Center; 1984:
7.
Coch L.,French J. R. P..“Overcoming Resistance to Change.”.Human Relations. 1948;1,4:512-532
8.
French J. R. P.,Israel J.,As D..“An Experiment in Participation in a Norwegian Factory.”.Human Relations. 1960;13 (1): 3-19
9.
Frost C. F.,Wakeley J. H.,Ruh R. A.The Scanlon Plan for Organization Development: Identity, Participation, and Equity. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press; 1974:
10.
Gabris G. T.,Kenneth M..“Personnel Reforms and Formal Participation Structures: The Case of the Biloxi Merit Councils.”.Review of Public Personnel Administration. 1986;7 (2): 99-114
Goodman P. S.Assessing Organizational Change: The Rushton Quality of Work Experiment. New York: Wiley-Interscience; 1979:
13.
Hanlon M. D.,Nadler D. A..“Unionists' Attitudes Toward Joint Union-Management Quality of Work Life Programmes.”.Journal of Occupational Behavior. 1986;7 (1): 53-59
14.
Hays W. L.Statistics for the Social Sciences. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston; 1973:
15.
Herrick N. Q.Improving Government: Experiments with Quality of Working Life Systems. Herrick N. Q., ed. New York: Praeger; 1983:
16.
Jenkins G. D.,Lawler E. E..“The Impact of Employee Participation in Pay Plan Development.”.Organizational Behavior and Human Performance. 1981;28 (1): 111-128
17.
Katz H. C.,Kochan T. A.,Gobeille K. R..“Industrial Relations Performance, Economic Performance, and QWL Programs: An Interplant Analysis.”.Industrial and Labor Relations Review. 1983;37 (1): 3-17
18.
Kochan T. A.,Katz H. C.,Mower N.“Worker Participation and American Unions: Threat or Opportunity?”. Kalamazoo, MI: W. E. Upjohn Institute Press; 1984:
19.
Lawler E. E.Man and Work in Society. Cass E. L.Zimmer F. G., ed. New York: Van Nostrand-Reinhold; 1975:
20.
Lawler E. E.,Hackman J. R..“Impact of Employee Participation in the Development of Pay Incentive Plans: A Field Experiment.”.Journal of Applied Psychology. 1969;53 (6): 467-471
21.
LedfordG. E.Jr. (1984). “The Persistence of Planned Organizational Change: A Process Theory Perspective.” Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
22.
Likert R.New Patterns of Management. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1961:
23.
Locke E. A.,Schweiger D.Research in Organizational Behavior. Staw B., ed. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press; 1979:
24.
Lovrich N. P..“The Danger of Participative Management: A Test of Unexamined Assumptions.”.Review of Public Personnel Administration. 1985;5 (3): 925
25.
Miller K. I.,Monge P. R..“Participation, Satisfaction and Productivity: A Metal-Analytic Review.”.Academy of Management Journal. 1986;29 (4): 727-753
26.
Nurick A. J.Participation in Organizational Change: The TVA Experiment. New York: Praeger; 1985:
27.
Peterson M. F.,Peterson S. M.,Macy B. M..“Study of a Quality of Work Life Program: Organizational Control, Experience, Influence, and Objective Involvement.”.Group and Organization Studies. 1982;7 (4): 476-484
28.
Sashkin M..“Changing Toward Participative Management Approaches: A Model and Methods.”.Academy of Management Review. 1976;1 (1): 75-86
29.
Scheflen K. C.,Lawler E. E.,Hackman J. R..“Long-Term Impact of Employee Participation in the Development of Pay Incentive Plans: A Field Experiment Revisited.”.Journal of Applied Psychology. 1971;55:182-186
30.
Schuster M. H.Union-management Cooperation: Structure, Process, Impact. Kalamazoo, MI: W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research; 1984:
31.
Schwarz R. M..“Participative Decision Making: Comparing Union-management and Management-Designed Incentive Pay Programs.”.Group and Organization Studies. 1989;14 (1): 104-122
