Examples of failures of leachate collection systems have been surveyed by telephone throughout the U.S.A. and evaluated in terms of literature and other personal contacts. Failures in hazardous waste landfills are seldom reported but are expected to be similar to failures in other landfills and agricultural drainage systems. Major failures related to inadequate design, construction and operation are discussed together with suggestions for reducing the incidence of failures.
Avnimelech, Y. & Nevo, Z. (1964), Biological clogging of sands, Soil Science, 98, 222-226.
2.
Bass, J.M., Cornish, R.M., Ehrenfield, J.R., Spellenburg, S.P. & Valentine, J.R. (1983), Potential mechanisms for clogging and leachate drain systems, In Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste, Proceedings of the Ninth Annual Research Symposium, EPA-600/9-83-108 . U.S. EPA, Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH, U.S.A.
3.
Bass, J.M., Brunner, D. & Allen, D. (1984a), Assuring quality in leachate collection system construction. Draft report, U.S. EPA, Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH, U.S.A.
4.
Bass, J.M., Ehrenfeld, J.R. & Valentine, J.R. (1984b), Potential Clogging of Landfill Drainage Systems, EPA-600/S2-83-1090. U.S. EPA, Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH, U.S.A.
5.
Cedergren, H.R. (1967), Seepage, Drainage and Flow Nets. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
6.
Ford, H.W. (1979), Characteristics of slime and ochre in drainage and irrigation systems, (reprinted from Transactions of the ASAE, 22, 1093-1096 ASAE) Paper No. 78-2538. St Joseph, MI, U.S.A.
7.
Ford, H.W. (1980), The problem of clogging in low volume irrigation systems and methods for control, paper presented at the Symposium on Drip Irrigation in Horticulture with Foreign Experts Participating , Skierniewice, Poland, October 1980 .
8.
Kristiansen, R. (1981), Sand filter trenches for purification of septic tank effluent: I the clogging mechanism and soil physical environment, Journal of Environmental Quality, 10, 53-64.
9.
Young, C.W., Nunno, T.J., Jasinski, M.P., Cogley, D.R. & Capone, S.V. (1984), Clogging of leachate collection systems used in hazardous waste disposal facilities, draft White Paper, prepared for U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, U.S.A.
