Three cases of infection in which beef tapeworms were transferred to cattle exposed to sewage sludge or septage applied to grass fields are reviewed together with an epizooty of salmonellosis, caused by infected latrine tankwagon used to irrigate a field. Mention is made of proposals on Danish regulations concerning the application of sewage sludge to agricultural soils, and the preventive measures with regard to epidemiological risks which are being discussed.
It is concluded that it is possible to apply sewage sludge to agricultural soils without serious infection risks when appropriate preventive measures are taken. In particular raw latrine contents and septage from septic tanks appear to be particularly dangerous when spread on agricultural land.
Berthelsen, G. (1982), En Salmonella dublin epidemi blandt kalve, (Salmonella dublin epidemic among calves), Dansk Veterinœrtidsskrift , 65, 262-269.
2.
Brest Nielsen, B. (1984), Kvægsalmonellosens bakteriologi og udbredelse, (The bacterioiogy and extension of salmonellosis in cattle), Dansk Veterinœrtidsskrift, 67, 77-81.
Danish State Veterinary Service (Veterinærdirektoratet 1980.) Årsberetning fra Veterinœrdirektoratet for året 1980. (The annual report from the Danish State Veterinary Service for the year 1980). Copenhagen.
5.
Errebo Larsen, H. (1980), Communicable diseases among danish farm livestock . Proceedings C.E.C. scientific workshop on communicable diseases resulting from storage, handling, transport and landspreading of manures. Hannover 5-6 November 1980.
6.
Errebo Larsen, H. & Munch, B. (1982), Sygdoms: og miljømœssige problemer i forbindelse med behandling og spreadning af flydende husdyrgødning (gylle), (Disease and environmental problems related to treatment and land application of farm slurry) . DSR forlag, Bülowsvej, DK-1871 Copenhagen.
7.
Hage, L. & Brest Nielsen, B. (1977), Latrinbeholder som årsag til udbrud af kvægsalmonellose (Latrinetank caused outbreaks of salmonellosis in cattle), Dansk Veterinœrtidsskrift, 60, 657-659.
8.
Hansen, J. Aa. & Tjell, J.C. (1981), Slammets jordbrugsanvendelse (Land application of sludge). Polyteknisk forlag, Anker Engelundsvej, DK-2800 Lyngby.
9.
Haugaard. P. (1975), Tinter og slutdisponering af slum, (Cysticerci and the final disposal of sludge), Dansk Veterinœrtidsskrift , 58, 541-546.
10.
Hess. E. & Breed, C. (1975), salmonellaepideimiologie und Grünlandsdüngung mit Kläschlam, (The epidemiology of salmonellosis and spreading of sludge on pastures), Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, I. Abteilung Originale Reihe B, 161, 54-60.
11.
Miljøstyrelsen (Danish Agency of Environmental Protection) (1982), Udkast til bekendtgørelse om anvendelse af slam i jordbruget (Draft for legislation about application of sludge in agriculture), dated 8 November 1982.
12.
Reilly, W.J., Forbes, G.I., Paterson, G.M. & Sharp, J.C.M. (1981), Human and animal salmoncilosis in Scotland associated with environmental contamination 1973-79, The Veterinaty Record , 108, 553-555.
13.
Strauch. D. & Parrakova, E. (1979), Gefährdung des Weideviehs bei der Landwirtschaftlichen Verwertung von Klärschlam. (The danger to cattle arising from the use of sludge on farm land). Städtehygiene, 21, 195-198.
14.
Strauch, D. & Schreiber-Rothschild, R. (1980), Mikrobiologische Untersuchungen zur Hygienisierung von Klärschlamm. 8. Mitteillung: Der Einfluss von Kalk als Konditionirungsmittel bei Kammerfilterpressen, (Microbiological investigations of sewage sludge desinfection. 8th communication: The significance of lime as condition materiat in chamber filterpresses), Gwf-Wasser/Abwasser , 121, 607, 611.
15.
Thunegard, E. (1975), On the persistence of bacteria in manure. A field study with special reference to Salmonella in liquid manure. Acta veterinaria Scandinavica, Suppl. 56, 1-56.
16.
Veterinary Record (1978), Salmonellosis increases in humans and livestock, Veterinary, Record702. 271-272.
17.
Westergaard. J.M. (1982), Veterinary inspector, Danish State Veterinary Service pers. comm.
