Enteric viruses were regularly detected in raw and digested sludges from three Danish treatment plants in the period from April through November 1980. The isolates were identified as poliovirus 1, 2 and 3; coxsackievirus A 16 and B2, 3, 5 and 6; echovirus 5, 6, 7, 11, 19, 21 and 24; adenovirus 1, 2 and 5 and a number of unidentified types or mixtures.
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2.
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3.
Cliver, D.O. (1967), Detection of enteric viruses by concentration with polyethylene glycol. In Transmission of Viruses by the Water Route (G. Berg, Ed.), pp. 109-120. Interscience Publishers, New York.
4.
Cliver, D.O. (1975), Virus association with wastewater solids. Environmental Letters, 10, 215-223.
5.
Eisenhardt, A., Lund, E. & Nissen, B. (1977), The effect of sludge digestion on virus infectivity . Water Research, 11, 579-581.
6.
Forureningsrådet (1971), Fast affald, (Solid Waste)Sekretariatet, Publikation no. 20, København.
7.
Lund, E., Lydholm, B. & Nielsen, A.L. (1982), The fate of viruses during sludge stabilization, especially during thermophilic digestion. In Disinfection of Sewage Sludge: Economic, Technical and Microbiological Aspects (A. M. Bruce, A. H. Havelaar & P. Henite, Eds), Proceedings of a Workship, Zurich1982, pp. 114-125. D. Reidel, Dortecht .
8.
Lydholm, B. & Nielsen, A.L. (1981), The use of a soluble polyelectrolyte for the isolation of virus from sludge. In Viruses and Wastewater treatment (M. Goddard & M. Butler, Eds), pp. 85-90. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
9.
Moore, B.E., Sagik, B.P. & Sorber, C.A. (1977), An assessment of potential health risk associated with land disposal of residual sludges. In Sludge Management, Disposal and Utilization, pp. 108-112. Proceedings of the 3rd national Conference. Information Transfer, Rockville MD.
10.
Nielsen, A.L. & Lydholm, B. (1983), Fate of coxsackievirus B3 during aerobic and anaerobic sludge stabilization. Waste management and Research, 1, 237-247.
11.
Palfi, A. (1972), Survival of enteroviruses during anaerobic sludge digestion. Advances in Water, Pollution Research, 1, 99-104.
12.
Sanders, D.A., Malina, J.F., Moore, B.E., Sigik, B.P. & Sorber, C.A. (1979), Fate of poliovirus during anaerobic digestion . Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, 51, 333-343.
13.
Sattar, S. A. (1978), Viral pollution of the Ottawa river and its possible impact on the quality of potable and recreational waters in the Ottawa area—phase 1. Final report for the Ontario Ministry of the environment research study.
