The oil and gas industries produce substantial waste globally, containing petroleum hydrocarbons and toxic heavy metals. These wastes provide significant and increasing risks to the environment, highlighting the critical necessity for efficient management and treatment strategies. This review offers an in-depth assessment of the treatment technologies for wastes produced during oil and gas exploration and production, utilizing comparative and systematic literature review to assess and outline current treatment technologies. Furthermore, critical data are generated, and a concise assessment of each technique is offered to aid readers to make informed decisions depending on operational situations. The subsequent summary and recommendations are given: (a) three primary waste categories from the oil and gas sector: oil sludge, generated water and flue gases are outlined; (b) analysis of different waste characterization, treatment approaches and treatment limitations; (c) enhancement of industry–academia collaboration should take place, and production of efficient, environmentally friendly drilling fluids is needed; (d) green hybrid sustainable technologies should be used to enhance overall effectiveness, outperforming conventional techniques; (e) defined and updated end-of-waste criteria need to be defined, considering concepts from the circular economy that promote careful utilization of resources and (f) future studies must demonstrate particular features of waste to enable the choosing of suitable green hybrid techniques for treatment of large volumes of waste depending on waste properties, making a valuable contribution to the progress of sustainable waste management.
AbdelfattahAAliSSRamadanH, et al. (2023) Microalgae-based wastewater treatment: Mechanisms, challenges, recent advances, and future prospects. Environmental Science and Ecotechnology13: 100205.
2.
AbdulqawiMIbrahimAEmbongR, et al. (2023) Development of a hybrid technique of solvent extraction and freeze-thaw for oil recovery from petroleum sludge. Materials Today: Proceedings. Epub ahead of print 12 May 2023. DOI: 10.1016/J.MATPR.2023.04.661.
3.
AdebiyiFM (2022) Air quality and management in petroleum refining industry: A review. Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology4: 89–96.
4.
AguelmousAZegzoutiYKhadraA, et al. (2020) Landfilling and composting efficiency to reduce genotoxic effect of petroleum sludge. Environmental Technology & Innovation20: 101047.
5.
AlomarTSHameedBHUsmanM, et al. (2022) Recent advances on the treatment of oil fields produced water by adsorption and advanced oxidation processes. Journal of Water Process Engineering49: 103034.
6.
AmakiriKTCanonARMolinariM, et al. (2022) Review of oilfield produced water treatment technologies. Chemosphere298: 134064.
7.
AntoniouNAZorpasAA (2019) Quality protocol and procedure development to define end-of-waste criteria for tire pyrolysis oil in the framework of circular economy strategy. Waste Management95: 161–170.
8.
AnushreeCNandaGKDKalyaniS, et al. (2024) Bifunctional hybrid magnetic colloidal clusters for efficient oil sludge recovery. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects684: 133241.
9.
AnvariAAzimiYAKekreKM, et al. (2020) State-of-the-art methods for overcoming temperature polarization in membrane distillation process: A review. Journal of Membrane Science616: 118413.
10.
AsimNBadieiMTorkashvandM, et al. (2021) Wastes from the petroleum industries as sustainable resource materials in construction sectors: Opportunities, limitations, and directions. Journal of Cleaner Production284: 125459.
11.
AzimibavilSJafarian DehkordiA (2016) Dynamic simulation of a multi-effect distillation (MED) process. Desalination392: 91–101.
12.
AzmoonPFarhadianMPendashtehA, et al. (2023) Adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of oilfield produced water by visible-light driven superhydrophobic composite of MIL-101(Cr)/Fe3O4-SiO2: Synthesis, characterization and optimization. Applied Surface Science613: 155972.
13.
BoshaghFRahmaniMZhuW (2022) Recent advances and challenges in developing technological methods assisting oxidative desulfurization of liquid fuels: A review. Energy and Fuels36(21): 12961–12985.
14.
BuabbasSKAl-ObaidiMAMujtabaIM (2020) A parametric simulation on the effect of the rejected brine temperature on the performance of multieffect distillation with thermal vapour compression desalination process and its environmental impacts. Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering15(6): e2526.
15.
Castillo SantiagoYMartínez GonzálezAVenturiniOJ, et al. (2021) Assessment of the energy recovery potential of oil sludge through gasification aiming electricity generation. Energy215: 119210.
16.
Cavalcanti PessôaLPinheiro CruzEMosquera DeamiciK, et al. (2022) A review of microalgae-based biorefineries approach for produced water treatment: Barriers, pretreatments, supplementation, and perspectives. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering10(4): 108096.
17.
ChenGChengCZhangJ, et al. (2019) Synergistic effect of surfactant and alkali on the treatment of oil sludge. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering183: 106420.
18.
ChenHSZhangQMYangZJ, et al. (2020a) Research on treatment of oily sludge from the tank bottom by ball milling combined with ozone-catalyzed oxidation. ACS Omega5(21): 12259–12269.
19.
ChenZZhengZHeC, et al. (2022) Oily sludge treatment in subcritical and supercritical water: A review. Journal of Hazardous Materials433: 128761.
20.
ChenZZhengZLiD, et al. (2020b) Continuous supercritical water oxidation treatment of oil-based drill cuttings using municipal sewage sludge as diluent. Journal of Hazardous Materials384: 121225.
21.
Correia Da SilvaDDos Santos LucasCRBorges De Moraes JuvinianoH, et al. (2019) Analysis of the use of microemulsion systems to treat petroleum sludge from a water flotation unit. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering7(1): 102934.
22.
CuiTYRajendranAFanHX, et al. (2021) Review on hydrodesulfurization over zeolite-based catalysts. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research60(8): 3295–3323.
23.
Dal MasFZengXHuangQ, et al. (2021) Quantifying material flow of oily sludge in China and its implications. Journal of Environmental Management287: 112115.
24.
DawoudHDSaleemHAlnuaimiA, et al. (2021) Characterization and treatment technologies applied for produced water in Qatar. Water13(24): 3573.
25.
DengJWangXWeiZ, et al. (2021) A review of NOx and SOx emission reduction technologies for marine diesel engines and the potential evaluation of liquefied natural gas fueled vessels. Science of The Total Environment766: 144319.
26.
Di MarcantonioCChiavolaANoceA, et al. (2023) A sustainable approach to enhance heavy hydrocarbons removal in landfarming treatment. Biodegradation34(5): 417–430.
27.
DiasJLuizADe BritoF, et al. (2022) Optimization of the integrity and durability criteria of materials stabilized by solidification of oil industry waste. Petroleum Science and Technology40(2): 129–149.
28.
Diya’uddeenBHRahim PouranSAbdul AzizAR, et al. (2015) Fenton oxidative treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater: Process optimization and sludge characterization. RSC Advances5(83): 68159–68168.
29.
DossaryHSAlghunaimiFIChoiYC (2021) Produced water reuse for drilling and completion fluids using ion exchange resins. In: Society of petroleum engineers – Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, ADIP 2021, Abu Dhabi, UAE, 15–18 November 2021.
30.
DrioliEAliALeeYM, et al. (2016) Membrane operations for produced water treatment. Desalination and Water Treatment57(31): 14317–14335.
31.
DuanMWangXFangS, et al. (2018) Treatment of Daqing oily sludge by thermochemical cleaning method. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects554: 272–278.
32.
DuanYGaoNQuanC (2023) Integration of hydrothermal and pyrolysis for oily sludge treatment: A novel collaborative process. Journal of Hazardous Materials449: 131005.
33.
DziejarskiBSerafinJAnderssonK, et al. (2023) CO2 capture materials: A review of current trends and future challenges. Materials Today Sustainability24: 100483.
34.
El GolliAContrerasSDridiC (2023) Bio-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles and sunlight-driven photocatalysis for environmentally-friendly and sustainable route of synthetic petroleum refinery wastewater treatment. Scientific Reports13(1): 20809.
35.
El-badawyTOthmanMHDMatsuuraT, et al. (2021) Progress in treatment of oilfield produced water using membrane distillation and potentials for beneficial re-use. Separation and Purification Technology278: 119494.
36.
ElshorbagyWAlkamaliA (2005) Solid waste generation from oil and gas industries in United Arab Emirates. Journal of Hazardous Materials120(1–3): 89–99.
37.
EstradaJMBhamidimarriR (2016) A review of the issues and treatment options for wastewater from shale gas extraction by hydraulic fracturing. Fuel182: 292–303.
38.
Fakhru’l-RaziAPendashtehAAbdullahLC, et al. (2009) Review of technologies for oil and gas produced water treatment. Journal of Hazardous Materials170(2–3): 530–551.
39.
FengWYinYde Lourdes MendozaM, et al. (2018) Oil recovery from waste cutting fluid via the combination of suspension crystallization and freeze-thaw processes. Journal of Cleaner Production172: 481–487.
40.
GaoYXDingRChenX, et al. (2018) Ultrasonic washing for oily sludge treatment in pilot scale. Ultrasonics90: 1–4.
41.
GardasBBRautRDNarkhedeB (2019) Determinants of sustainable supply chain management: A case study from the oil and gas supply chain. Sustainable Production and Consumption17: 241–253.
42.
GeorgeKAntonisZA (2021) Drill cuttings waste management from oil & gas exploitation industries through end-of-waste criteria in the framework of circular economy strategy. Journal of Cleaner Production322: 129098.
43.
GhaffarianKAFallahNNasernejadB, et al. (2023) Electrochemical-based processes for produced water and oily wastewater treatment: A review. Chemosphere338: 139565.
44.
GhafooriSOmarMKoutahzadehN, et al. (2022) New advancements, challenges, and future needs on treatment of oilfield produced water: A state-of-the-art review. Separation and Purification Technology289: 120652.
45.
GhasemN (2020) CO2 removal from natural gas. In: RahimpourMRFarsiMMakaremMA (eds) Advances in Carbon Capture: Methods, Technologies and Applications. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing, pp.479–501.
46.
GhuryeGLMishraDLucasL (2021) Thermal desalination of produced water—An analysis of the partitioning of constituents into product streams and its implications for beneficial use outside the O&G industry. Water (Switzerland)13(8): 1068.
47.
GongZLiuLZhangH, et al. (2020) Study on the migration characteristics of As, Pb, and Ni during oily sludge incineration with CaO additive. Energy and Fuels34(12): 16341–16349.
48.
Gontarek-CastroECastro-MuñozR (2024) How to make membrane distillation greener: A review of environmentally friendly and sustainable aspects. Green Chemistry26(1): 164–185.
49.
GouXZhengGTangJ, et al. (2023) Electric field efficiently enhanced thermochemical cleaning for oil recovery from oily sludge. Chemical Engineering and Processing – Process Intensification185: 109314.
50.
GuoSLiGQuJ, et al. (2011) Improvement of acidification on dewaterability of oily sludge from flotation. Chemical Engineering Journal168(2): 746–751.
51.
GuptaAKIbrahimSAl ShoaibiA (2016) Advances in sulfur chemistry for treatment of acid gases. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science54: 65–92.
52.
HamaSMManshadAKAliJA (2023) Review of the application of natural surfactants in enhanced oil recovery: State-of-the-art and perspectives. Energy and Fuels37(14): 10061–10086.
53.
HanifMAIbrahimNAbdulJA (2020) Sulfur dioxide removal: An overview of regenerative flue gas desulfurization and factors affecting desulfurization capacity and sorbent regeneration. Environmental Science and Pollution Research27(22): 27515–27540.
54.
HarunaAMericanAMZGaniMS, et al. (2022) Sulfur removal technologies from fuel oil for safe and sustainable environment. Fuel329: 125370.
55.
HuGFengHHeP, et al. (2020) Comparative life-cycle assessment of traditional and emerging oily sludge treatment approaches. Journal of Cleaner Production251: 119594.
56.
HuGLiJHouH (2015) A combination of solvent extraction and freeze thaw for oil recovery from petroleum refinery wastewater treatment pond sludge. Journal of Hazardous Materials283: 832–840.
57.
HuJGanJLiJ, et al. (2017) Extraction of crude oil from petrochemical sludge: Characterization of products using thermogravimetric analysis. Fuel188: 166–172.
58.
HuangYZhangDOshitaK, et al. (2021) Crude oil recovery from oily sludge using liquefied dimethyl ether extraction: A comparison with conventional extraction methods. Energy and Fuels35(21): 17810–17819.
59.
HuiKTangJLuH, et al. (2020) Status and prospect of oil recovery from oily sludge: A review. Arabian Journal of Chemistry13(8): 6523–6543.
60.
IbrahimMNawazMHRoutPR, et al. (2023) Advances in produced water treatment technologies: An in-depth exploration with an emphasis on membrane-based systems and future perspectives. Water15(16): 2980.
61.
IslamATeoSHNgCH, et al. (2023) Progress in recent sustainable materials for greenhouse gas (NOx and SOx) emission mitigation. Progress in Materials Science132: 101033.
62.
JangEJeongSChungE (2017) Application of three different water treatment technologies to shale gas produced water. Geosystem Engineering20(2): 104–110.
63.
JeanDSChuCPLeeDJ (2001) Freeze/thaw treatment of oily sludge from petroleum refinery plant. Separation Science and Technology36(12): 2733–2746.
64.
JeburMCaoYMalmaliM, et al. (2023) Treating hydraulic fracturing produced water by electrocoagulation. Separation Science and Technology58(6): 1111–1120.
65.
JerezSVenturaMMartínezF, et al. (2023) New strategies for the management of a primary refinery oily sludge: A techno-economical assessment of thermal hydrolysis, Fenton, and wet air oxidation treatments. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering11(5): 110730.
66.
JiaWSongSLiC, et al. (2023) Simulation of multiphase behavior in supercritical CO2–heavy oil–water sludge extraction systems using Cubic-Plus-Association Equation of State. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids200: 106001.
67.
JiménezSMicóMMArnaldosM, et al. (2018) State of the art of produced water treatment. Chemosphere192: 186–208.
68.
JinXTengDFangJ, et al. (2021) Petroleum oil and products recovery from oily sludge: Characterization and analysis of pyrolysis products. Environmental Research202: 111675.
69.
KhaderEHMohammedTJMirghaffariN, et al. (2022) Removal of organic pollutants from produced water by batch adsorption treatment. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy24(2): 713–720.
70.
KhraishehMMukherjeeSKumarA, et al. (2020) An overview on trace CO2 removal by advanced physisorbent materials. Journal of Environmental Management255: 109874.
71.
KoechLEversonRCHattinghB, et al. (2023) Comparative study of sorbents for spray dry scrubbing of SO2 from flue gases. ACS Omega8(26): 23401–23411.
72.
KongZLiLXueY, et al. (2019) Challenges and prospects for the anaerobic treatment of chemical-industrial organic wastewater: A review. Journal of Cleaner Production231: 913–927.
73.
KristantiRAHadibarataT (2023) Phytoremediation of contaminated water using aquatic plants, its mechanism and enhancement. Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health32: 100451.
74.
LebedevACherepovitsynA (2024) Waste Management during the Production Drilling Stage in the Oil and Gas Sector: A Feasibility Study. Resources13(2): 26.
75.
LebronYARMoreiraVRAmaralMCS (2021) Metallic ions recovery from membrane separation processes concentrate: A special look onto ion exchange resins. Chemical Engineering Journal425: 131812.
76.
LiCSongSJiaW, et al. (2024) Recovering hydrocarbon from oily sludge using supercritical CO2: Experiments and a new method for predicting optimal conditions. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids206: 106187.
77.
LiJSunSYanP, et al. (2017) Microbial communities in the functional areas of a biofilm reactor with anaerobic–aerobic process for oily wastewater treatment. Bioresource Technology238: 7–15.
78.
LiWMaYFengX, et al. (2023) Optimization of an oil recovery process from oily sludge using a combined technique of froth flotation and centrifugal treatment. Journal of Cleaner Production400: 136752.
79.
LiYJiangL (2021) Comparison of the crude oil removal effects of different surfactants in electrokinetic remediation of low-permeability soil. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering9(4): 105190.
80.
LiangJZhaoLHouW (2017) Solid effect in chemical cleaning treatment of oily sludge. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects522: 38–42.
81.
LinZXuFWangL, et al. (2021) Characterization of oil component and solid particle of oily sludge treated by surfactant-assisted ultrasonication. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering34: 53–60.
82.
LiuLZhaoLYangX, et al. (2019) Innovative design and study of an oil-water coupling separation magnetic hydrocyclone. Separation and Purification Technology213: 389–400.
83.
LiuRSShiXDWangCT, et al. (2021a) Advances in post-combustion CO2 capture by physical adsorption: From materials innovation to separation practice. ChemSusChem14(6): 1428–1471.
84.
LiuYLuHLiY, et al. (2021b) A review of treatment technologies for produced water in offshore oil and gas fields. Science of The Total Environment775: 145485.
85.
LodungiJFAlfredDBKhirulthzamAFM, et al. (2016) A review in oil exploration and production waste discharges according to legislative and waste management practices perspective in Malaysia. International Journal of Waste Resources7(1): 260.
86.
Macêdo-JúniorROSerpaFSSantosBLP, et al. (2023) Produced water treatment and its green future in the oil and gas industry: A multi-criteria decision-making study. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology20(2): 1369–1384.
87.
MaoFHanXHuangQ, et al. (2016) Effect of frequency on ultrasound-assisted centrifugal dewatering of petroleum sludge. Drying Technology34(16): 1948–1956.
88.
MhatreSVivacquaVGhadiriM, et al. (2015) Electrostatic phase separation: A review. Chemical Engineering Research and Design96: 177–195.
89.
MierezJAlTammarMJAlruwailiKM, et al. (2024) Recent advances of ultrasound applications in the oil and gas industry. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry103: 106767.
90.
MishraSSinghVOrmeciB, et al. (2023) Anaerobic–aerobic treatment of wastewater and leachate: A review of process integration, system design, performance and associated energy revenue. Journal of Environmental Management327: 116898.
MunirasuSHaijaMABanatF (2016) Use of membrane technology for oil field and refinery produced water treatment—A review. Process Safety and Environmental Protection100: 183–202.
93.
MustafaHMHayderG (2021) Recent studies on applications of aquatic weed plants in phytoremediation of wastewater: A review article. Ain Shams Engineering Journal12(1): 355–365.
94.
NasiriMJafariIParniankhoyB (2017) Oil and gas produced water management: A review of treatment technologies, challenges, and opportunities. Chemical Engineering Communications204(8): 990–1005.
95.
NematiBBaneshiMMAkbariH, et al. (2024) Phytoremediation of pollutants in oil-contaminated soils by Alhagi Camelorum: Evaluation and modeling. Scientific Reports14(1): 5502.
96.
NjugunaJSiddiqueSBakahKL, et al. (2022) The fate of waste drilling fluids from oil & gas industry activities in the exploration and production operations. Waste Management139: 362–380.
97.
NyashinaGSKuznetsovGVStrizhakPA (2020) Effects of plant additives on the concentration of sulfur and nitrogen oxides in the combustion products of coal-water slurries containing petrochemicals. Environmental Pollution258: 113682.
98.
OchediFOYuJYuH, et al. (2020) Carbon dioxide capture using liquid absorption methods: A review. Environmental Chemistry Letters19(1): 77–109.
99.
OdunlamiOAVershimaDAOladimejiTE, et al. (2022) Advanced techniques for the capturing and separation of CO2 – A review. Results in Engineering15: 100512.
100.
OlajireAA (2020) Recent advances on the treatment technology of oil and gas produced water for sustainable energy industry-mechanistic aspects and process chemistry perspectives. Chemical Engineering Journal Advances4: 100049.
101.
PariharRKChaurasiaSPMiddaMO (2023) An overview of anaerobic membrane bioreactors’ evolving research statistics for treating wastewater. Materials Today: Proceedings102: 52–58.
102.
PrajapatiMShahMSoniB (2022) A comprehensive review of the geothermal integrated multi-effect distillation (MED) desalination and its advancements. Groundwater for Sustainable Development19: 100808.
103.
RajendranRMSelvamRATiwariP, et al. (2023) Recent Perspectives on the Management of Formation Water Generated from Hydrocarbon Reservoirs. ACS ES and T Water3(6): 1502–1514.
104.
RehmanKImranAAminI, et al. (2019) Enhancement of oil field-produced wastewater remediation by bacterially-augmented floating treatment wetlands. Chemosphere217: 576–583.
105.
RenHZhouSWangB, et al. (2020) Treatment mechanism of sludge containing highly viscous heavy oil using biosurfactant. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects585: 124117.
106.
Rondon-AfanadorCPinilla-MezaGCasallas-CuervoFC, et al. (2023) Bioremediation of heavy oily sludge: A microcosms study. Biodegradation34(1): 1–20.
107.
RuffordTESmartSWatsonGCY, et al. (2012) The removal of CO2 and N2 from natural gas: A review of conventional and emerging process technologies. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering94–95: 123–154.
108.
SalehTA (2020) Characterization, determination and elimination technologies for sulfur from petroleum: Toward cleaner fuel and a safe environment. Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry25: e00080.
109.
SarkarSDattaDSahaS, et al. (2024) Assessing the efficacy of three bio-based flocculants in the reclamation of spent lubricating oil. The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering102: 2068–2082.
110.
SerajSSheikhiMMohammadiT, et al. (2022) Membrane materials for forward osmosis and membrane distillation in oily wastewater treatment. ACS Symposium Series1407: 305–346.
111.
ShilatulSSharuddinNSitiR, et al. (2024) Enhanced removal of hydrocarbons from crude oil sludge through phytoremediation with biosurfactant-producing rhizobacteria. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science1307(1): 012009.
112.
ShokriASanavi FardM (2023) Techno-economic assessment of water desalination: Future outlooks and challenges. Process Safety and Environmental Protection169: 564–578.
113.
SinhaBRoySKumarK (2020) Bioremediation of oily sludge: A case base analysis to sustainable supply chain. Resources, Environment and Sustainability2: 100008.
114.
SivagamiKAnandDDivyapriyaG, et al. (2019) Treatment of petroleum oil spill sludge using the combined ultrasound and Fenton oxidation process. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry51: 340–349.
115.
SongQZhaoHXingW, et al. (2018) Effects of various additives on the pyrolysis characteristics of municipal solid waste. Waste Management78: 621–629.
116.
SunJWangFJiaX, et al. (2023) Research progress of bio-slurry remediation technology for organic contaminated soil. RSC Advances13(15): 9903–9917.
117.
SunXHuangWXuH, et al. (2024) Recovery of elemental sulfur direct from nonferrous flue gas by a low-temperature Claus process with H2S as the interim reducer. Fuel359: 130352.
118.
TaslimiTSFellahJAElektorowiczM (2019) Electro-demulsification of water-in-oil suspensions enhanced with implementing various additives. Chemosphere233: 157–163.
119.
TengQZhangDYangC (2021) A review of the application of different treatment processes for oily sludge. Environmental Science and Pollution Research28(1): 121–132.
120.
TsangasMPapamichaelILoiziaP, et al. (2024) Life cycle assessment of electricity generation by tire pyrolysis oil. Process Safety and Environmental Protection186376–387.
121.
UdayakumarGPMuthusamySSelvaganeshB, et al. (2021) Ecofriendly biopolymers and composites: Preparation and their applications in water-treatment. Biotechnology Advances52: 107815.
122.
VoccianteMFranchiEFusiniD, et al. (2024) Sustainable recovery of an agricultural area impacted by an oil spill using enhanced phytoremediation. Applied Sciences14(2): 582.
123.
WanGBeiLYuJ, et al. (2022) Products distribution and hazardous elements migration during pyrolysis of oily sludge from the oil refining process. Chemosphere288: 132524.
124.
WangEYangFSongM, et al. (2022) Recent advances in the unsupported catalysts for the hydrodesulfurization of fuel. Fuel Processing Technology235: 107386.
125.
WangJHanXHuangQ, et al. (2018) Characterization and migration of oil and solids in oily sludge during centrifugation. Environmental Technology39(10): 1350–1358.
126.
WangJLaiYWangX, et al. (2024a) Advances in ultrasonic treatment of oily sludge: Mechanisms, industrial applications, and integration with combined treatment technologies. Environmental Science and Pollution Research31: 14466–14483.
127.
WangQLiQWangQ, et al. (2023a) Optimization of oil-sludge-based adsorbents for the treatment of toxic H2S in oilfield gases: Preparation, modification, characterization, and adsorption mechanism. Energy and Fuels37(22): 17399–17410.
128.
WangXJinWLiY, et al. (2024b) Treatment advances of hazardous solid wastes from oil and gas drilling and production processes. Chemical Engineering Journal497: 154182.
129.
WangZLiZLiuL, et al. (2023b) Green synthesis of polypyrrole for CO2 capture from humid flue gases. Green Chemistry25(4): 1513–1521.
130.
WangZLiuLGongZ, et al. (2021) Study on the ecological risk of heavy metals during oily sludge incineration with CaO additive. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A56(7): 797–803.
131.
XuanJWangCZhangL, et al. (2022) Effect of CO2/H2O on adsorptive removal of H2S/SO2 mixture. Environmental Technology43(13): 2069–2079.
132.
YanMChenCZhongL, et al. (2022) Experimental study on the catalytic supercritical water oxidation of oilfield sludge. Process Safety and Environmental Protection168: 582–590.
133.
YangFLiuHFengP, et al. (2020) Effects of wet flue gas desulfurization and wet electrostatic precipitator on particulate matter and sulfur oxide emission in coal-fired power plants. Energy and Fuels34(12): 16423–16432.
134.
YangLNakhlaGBassiA (2005) Electro-kinetic dewatering of oily sludges. Journal of Hazardous Materials125(1–3): 130–140.
135.
YangZYZhuLWangWL, et al. (2023) Experimental study and parameter optimization of oily sludge treatment through ozonation technology. ChemistrySelect8(29): e202300952.
136.
YeoZYChewTLZhuPW, et al. (2012) Conventional processes and membrane technology for carbon dioxide removal from natural gas: A review. Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry21(3): 282–298.
137.
YouYLiuCXuQ, et al. (2022) Response surface methodology to optimize ultrasonic-assisted extraction of crude oil from oily sludge. Petroleum Science and Technology40(17): 2082–2100.
138.
ZafariRMendonçaFGTom BakerR, et al. (2023) Efficient SO2 capture using an amine-functionalized, nanocrystalline cellulose-based adsorbent. Separation and Purification Technology308: 122917.
139.
ZendehboudiSBahadoriA (2016) Shale Oil and Gas Handbook: Theory, Technologies, and Challenges. Houston, TX: Gulf Professional Publishing.
140.
ZhangJLiHLiuQ, et al. (2023a) Experimental study on supercritical water oxidation of oily sludge with auxiliary fuels. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids199: 105964.
141.
ZhangSZhaoYDingH, et al. (2021) Recycling flue gas desulfurisation gypsum and phosphogypsum for cemented paste backfill and its acid resistance. Construction and Building Materials275: 122170.
142.
ZhangWZhangYMLiJZ, et al. (2023b) Numerical simulation on the sodium-based dry desulfurization process in low SO2 concentration flue gas. Energy and Fuels37(10): 7291–7301.
143.
ZhangZChenYChaiK, et al. (2023c) Temperature-dependent rearrangement of gas molecules in ultramicroporous materials for tunable adsorption of CO2 and C2H2. Nature Communications14(1): 3789.
144.
ZhaoJDaiCDingQ, et al. (2015) The structure effect on the surface and interfacial properties of zwitterionic sulfobetaine surfactants for enhanced oil recovery. RSC Advances5(18): 13993–14001.
145.
ZhaoMWangXLiuD, et al. (2020) Insight into essential channel effect of pore structures and hydrogen bonds on the solvent extraction of oily sludge. Journal of Hazardous Materials389: 121826.
