Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) represent one of the growing waste streams in Europe, whose content of hazardous substances and valuable materials focus on how it is handled. However, there are differences between countries regarding e-waste management system in Europe. This paper analyses and presents data regarding the e-waste management system in Italy, one of the founding countries of the EU and Serbia – EU candidate country. Within this work, the following aspects were considered: legislative framework and EU directive goals in terms of e-waste, institutional setup, collection system, and existing recycling and treatment technologies. In addition, material flow analysis is used to model mass balance within WEEE treatment plants in both countries. Finally, through assessment and comparison of current systems in both countries, problems and shortages of Serbia’s e-waste management system are addressed.
AmbayeTGVaccariMCastroFD, et al. (2020) Emerging technologies for the recovery of rare earth elements (REEs)from the end-of-life electronic wastes: A review on progress, challenges, and perspectives. Environmental Science and Pollution Research27: 36052–36074.
2.
BaldéCPKuehrRBlumenthalK, et al. (2015a) E-Waste Statistics: Guidelines on Classifications, Reporting and Indicators. Tokyo, Japan: United Nations University, p.52.
3.
BaldéCPWangFKuehrR, et al. (2015b) The Global e-Waste Monitor – 2014. Bonn, Germany: United Nations University, IAS – SCYCLE.
BatinicBVaccariMSavvilotidouV, et al. (2018) Applied WEEE pre-treatment methods: Opportunities to maximizing the recovery of critical metals. Global NEST Journal20: 706–711.
6.
BiganzoliLFalboAForteF, et al. (2015) Mass balance and life cycle assessment of the waste electrical and electronic equipment management system implemented in Lombardia Region (Italy). The Science of the Total Environment524–525: 361–375.
7.
CDCRAEE – Italian WEEE coordination center (2018) Collection and processing of WEEE in Italy (Ritiro e trattamento dei rifiuti da apparecchiature Elettriche ed elettroniche in Italia
8.
ChancerelPMeskersCEMHagelükenC, et al. (2009) Assessment of precious metal flows during preprocessing of waste electrical and electronic equipment. Journal of Industrial Ecology13: 791–810.
CuiJForssbergE (2003) Mechanical recycling of waste electric and electronic equipment: A review. Journal of Hazardous Materials99: 243–263.
11.
DiedlerSHobohmJBatinićB, et al. (2018) WEEE data management in Germany and Serbia. Global NEST journal20: 751–757.
12.
DiesteMViagiAFPanizzoloR, et al. (2017) A comparison of different models for collection of WEEE in Europe. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development8: 591–596.
ECODOM – Italian Consortium for recovery and recycling of WEEE (2008) WEEE, the contribution of recycling to the Kyoto targets: Energy balance and environmental recovery of certain types of waste electrical and electronic, RAEE, il contributo del riciclo agli obiettivi di Kyoto Bilancio energeticoambientale del recupero di alcune tipologie di rifiuti elettrici ed elettronici).
15.
EliaVGnoniMGTorneseF (2018) Improving logistic efficiency of WEEE collection through dynamic scheduling using simulation modeling. Waste Management72: 78–86.
FortiVBaldéCPKuehrR, et al. (2020) Quantities, flows and the circular economy potential. The Global E-waste Monitor2020: 13–15.
18.
IbanescuDCailean (Gavrilescu)DTeodosiuC, et al. (2018) Assessment of the waste electrical and electronic equipment management systems profile and sustainability in developed and developing European Union countries. Waste Management73: 39–53.
19.
IserniaRPassaroRQuintoI, et al. (2019) The reverse supply chain of the E-waste management processes in a circular economy framework: Evidence from Italy. Sustainability11: 2430.
20.
IslamMTAbdullahABShahirSA, et al. (2016) A public survey on knowledge, awareness, attitude and willingness to pay for WEEE management: Case study in Bangladesh. Journal of Cleaner Production137: 728–740.
21.
KhetriwalDSKraeuchiPWidmerR (2009) Producer responsibility for e-waste management: Key issues for consideration - learning from the Swiss experience.. Journal of Environmental Management90: 153–165.
22.
MarinkovicTBatinicBStanisavljevicN (2017) Analysis of WEEE management in the Republic of Serbia (in Serbian). In: Proceedings of conference “Wastewaters, municipal waste and hazardous waste”, Pirot, April 2017. Waterworks and sewerage association of Serbia.
23.
Mar-OrtizJAdenso-DiazBGonzález-VelardeJL (2011) Design of a recovery network for WEEE collection: The case of Galicia, Spain. Journal of the Operational Research Society62: 1471–1484.
24.
MihaiFCGrazieMGMeidianaC, et al. (2019) Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE): Flows, quantities and management, a global scenario. In: PrasadMNVVithanageM (eds) Electronic Waste Management and Treatment Technology. Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp.1–34.
25.
MrkajićVStanisavljevicNWangX, et al. (2018) Efficiency of packaging waste management in European Union candidate country. Resources, Conservation & Recycling136: 130–141.
OguchiMSakanakuraHTerazonoA (2013) Toxic metals in WEEE: Characterization and substance flow analysis in waste treatment processes. The Science of the Total Environment463-464: 1124–1132.
28.
OngondoFOWilliamsIDCherrettTJ (2011) How are WEEE doing? A global review of the management of electrical and electronic wastes. Waste Management31: 714–730.
29.
PellegrinoM (2018) Meeting E-waste targets in Italy—An evaluation of the national WEEE management system. Thesis for the fulfilment of the Master of Science in Environmental Management and Policy Lund, Sweden, September 2016. Available at: https://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?fileOId=8893138&func=downloadFile&recordOId=8893136 (accessed 3 July 2020).
RahmaniMNabizadehRYaghmaeianK, et al. (2014) Estimation of waste from computers and mobile phones in Iran. Resources, Conservation and Recycling87: 21–29.
32.
RamoniMOZhangHC (2013) End-of-life (EOL) issues and options for electric vehicle batteries. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy15: 881–891.
33.
Regulation of the amount and conditions for the allocation of incentives. Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia, No 81/14
34.
Regulation on products that become specific waste streams after use, on the daily log form for records of the quantity and type of products produced and imported, and on the annual report, on the method and time frame for submitting the annual report, on the fee payers, the calculation criteria, the amount and the method for the calculation and payment of the fee. Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia, No 54/10, 86/11, 15/12 and 03/14.
35.
SavageMOgilvieSSlezakJ, et al. (2006) Implementation of Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment Directive in EU 25. Brussels: European Commission.
36.
SavvilotidouVKousaitiABatinicB, et al. (2019) Evaluation and comparison of pretreatment techniques for recovering indium from discarded liquid crystal displays. Waste Management87: 51–61.
37.
SchmidtCW (2006) Unfair trade: e-waste in Africa. Environmental Health Perspectives114: A232.
StanisavljevicNBrunnerPH (2014) Combination of material flow analysis and substance flow analysis: A powerful approach for decision support in waste management. Waste Management & Research32: 733–744.
40.
Stevanović-čarapinaHStepanovJProkićD (2019) Model for evaluating municipal waste management system applying the LCA: Part I: Review of LCA software. Recycling and Sustainable Development12: 43–51.
41.
SthiannopkaoSWongMH (2013) Handling e-waste in developed and developing countries: Initiatives, practices, and consequences. The Science of the Total Environment463-464: 1147–1153.
42.
TorrettaVRagazziMIstrateIA, et al. (2013) Management of waste electrical and electronic equipment in two EU countries: A comparison. Waste Management33: 117–122.
43.
TsydenovaOBengtssonM (2011) Chemical hazards associated with treatment of waste electrical and electronic equipment. Waste Management31: 45–58.
44.
VaccariMVintiGCesaroA, et al. (2019) WEEE treatment in developing countries: Environmental pollution and health consequences—An overview. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health16: 1595.
45.
VujicGJovicicNBabicM, et al. (2010) Assessment of plastic flows and stocks in Serbia using material flow analysis. Thermal Science14: 89–95.
46.
WidmerROswald-KrapfHSinha-KhetriwalD, et al. (2005) Global perspectives on e-waste. Environmental Impact Assessment Review25: 436–458.
47.
ZengXLiJStevelesALN, et al. (2013) Perspective of electronic waste management in China based on a legislation comparison between China and the EU. Journal of Cleaner Production51: 80–87.
Supplementary Material
Please find the following supplemental material available below.
For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.
For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.
