Slow progress in municipal waste reduction and landfill space scarcity lead to numerous environmental problems in Indonesia and developing countries. Surabaya, the role model of an environmental management city in Indonesia and other countries, is no exception. Despite the situation, Surabaya’s initiative of deploying a distributed materials recovery facility (MRF) and its performance in recovering recyclables show a potential to be developed for addressing the landfill waste reduction issues. This study proposes a new strategy with small-sized distributed MRFs to achieve 30% landfilled waste reduction and reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, focusing on Surabaya as the case study. Scenario 1 merged three pairs of transfer stations which shows some indistinguishable optimizations and failed to meet the target. Both Scenario 2 and Scenario 3 added six years of landfill lifetime for reaching the target. However, the distributed MRF system and different transportation systems in Scenario 3 accomplished the goal with only 24 new MRFs, whereas Scenario 2 needs to upgrade 48 transfer stations into MRFs. Scenario 3 decreased the GHG emissions generation by 29%, possibly contributing to Indonesia’s GHG emissions target of 0.2%.
Asian Development Bank (2013) Materials Recovery Facility Tool Kit. Manila: Asian Development Bank.
2.
DhokhikahYTrihadiningrumY (2012) Solid waste management in Asian developing countries: Challenges and opportunities. Journal of Applied Environmental Biological Science2:329–335.
3.
EgglestonHSBuendiaLMiwaK, et al. (eds) (2006) 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Japan: Institute for Global Environmental Strategies.
4.
Government of Surabaya City (2012) Pasal No. 17 tentang Biaya Pengelolaan Sampah dalam Kontrak No. 658.1/4347/436.6.5/2012 – 88/JBU-SO/8/2012 antara Pemerintah Kota Surabaya dan PT. Sumber Organik(Article No. 17 concerning Waste Management Fee in Contract No. 658.1/4347/436.6.5/2012 – 88/JBU-SO/8/2012 between Government of Surabaya City and PT. Sumber Organik). Surabaya: Government of Surabaya City. [In Indonesian.]
5.
Government of Surabaya City (2014) Peraturan Daerah Kota Surabaya No. 5/2014 tentang Pengelolaan Sampah dan Kebersihan di Kota Surabaya(Surabaya City Regional Regulation No. 5/2014 concerning Waste Management and Surabaya City Sanitation). Surabaya: Government of Surabaya City. [In Indonesian.]
6.
Government of Surabaya City (2017) Informasi Kinerja Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup Daerah Tahun 2016(Surabaya Environmental Management Performance Report 2016). Surabaya: Government of Surabaya City. [In Indonesian.]
7.
Government of Surabaya City (2018) Informasi Kinerja Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup Daerah Tahun 2017(Surabaya Environmental Management Performance Report 2017). Surabaya: Government of Surabaya City. [In Indonesian.]
8.
Government of the Republic of Indonesia (2015) Intended Nationally Determined Contribution. Jakarta: Government of the Republic of Indonesia.
9.
Government of the Republic of Indonesia (2017) Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia No. 97/2017 tentang Kebijakan dan Strategi Nasional Pengelolaan Sampah Rumah Tangga dan Sampah Sejenis Sampah Rumah Tangga(Presidential Decree of the Republic of Indonesia No. 97/2017 concerning National Policy and Strategy for Residential and Non-residential Waste Management). Jakarta: Government of the Republic of Indonesia. [In Indonesian.]
10.
GuerreroLAMaasGHoglandW (2013) Solid waste management challenges for cities in developing countries. Journal of Waste Management33:220–232.
11.
HoornwegDBhada-TataP (2012) What a Waste: A Global Review of Solid Waste Management. Urban Development Series Knowledge Papers. Washington, DC: World Bank.
12.
HuaTMNguyenTKThiHVD, et al. (2016) Towards a decision support system for municipal waste collection by integrating Geographical Information System Map, smart device and agent-based model. In: Proceedings of the 7th Symposium on Information and Communication Technology, Ho Ch Min City, Vietnam, 8–9 December 2016, 139–146.
13.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2014) Core writing team. In: PachauriRKMeyerLA (eds) Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeGeneva: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, p. 104.
14.
KumarASamadderSR (2017) A review on technological options of waste to energy for effective management of municipal solid waste. Waste Management69:407–422.
15.
LarsenAWVrgocMChristensenTH (2009) Diesel consumption in waste collection and transport and its environmental significance. Waste Management and Research27:652–659.
16.
MahfulRManagiS (2018) Economic and environment feasibility of landfill gas project in Indonesia. In: Proceedings of the 2017 1st International Conference on Engineering and Applied Technology (ICEAT), Mataram, Indonesia, 29–30 November 2017. Bristol: Institute of Physics Publishing, 012018.
17.
Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia (2017) Laporan Inventarisasi GRK dan Monitoring, Pelaporan, dan Verifikasi 2017 (GHG Inventory Report and Monitoring, Report, and Verification 2017). Jakarta: Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia. Available at: http://ditjenppi.menlhk.go.id/reddplus/images/adminppi/dokumen/lap_igrk_2018.pdf(accessed 11 January 2019). [In Indonesian.]
18.
Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia (2018) Rumah Kompos di Surabaya (Composting Sites in Surabaya). Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia. Available at: http://sipsn.menlhk.go.id/?q=tps-3r/rumah-kompos(accessed 02 December 2018). [In Indonesian.]
19.
Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing of the Republic of Indonesia (2017) Lampiran Petunjuk Teknis TPS 3 R (Appendix of the Technical Guidelines of the MRF). Jakarta: Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing of the Republic of Indonesia. Available at: http://plpbm.pu.go.id/v2/assets/file/PetunjukTeknisTPS3R2017.pdf(accessed 14 November 2018). [In Indonesian.]
RahimIRNakayamaHShimaokaT (2013) Cost analysis of municipal solid waste management in major Indonesian cities. Journal of Japanese Society of Civil Engineers, Division. G (Environmental Research)68:79–89.
22.
SerronaKRYuJ (2009) Finding urban waste management solutions and policies: Waste-to-energy development and livelihood support system in Payatas, Metro Manila, Philippines. Journal of Environmental Science21:S40–S43.
23.
TanSTHoWSHashimH, et al. (2015) Energy, economic and environmental (3E) analysis of waste-to-energy (WTE) strategies for municipal solid waste (MSW) management in Malaysia. Energy Conversion and Management102:111–120.
24.
WarmadewanthiIDAARachimTAHerumurtiW, et al. (2017) Environmental impact assessment of thermal waste processing using life cycle assessment method. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Environmental Engineering, Surabaya, Indonesia, 24 October 2017. Surabaya, Indonesia: Departemen Teknik Lingkungan, Fakultas Teknik Sipil, Lingkungan dan Kebumian, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), 128–140.
25.
WarmadewanthiIDAAWilujengSPandebesieE, et al. (2015) The analysis of household and commercial waste reduction in Surabaya City (Case study: Gubeng, Simokerto and Wonokromo Districts). In: Proceedings of the 5th Environmental Technology and Management Conference “Green Technology towards Sustainable Environment”, Bandung, Indonesia, 23–24 November 2015. Bandung: Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Technology Bandung, OP/GC/009-1-OP/GC/009-8.
26.
WijayantiDRSuryaniS (2015) Waste bank as community-based environmental governance: A lesson learned from Surabaya. Procedia-Social Behavioral Science184:171–179.
27.
WilsonDCArabaAOChinwahK, et al. (2009) Building recycling rates through the informal sector. Waste Management29:629–635.
28.
YadavVBhurjeeAKKarmakarS, et al. (2017) A facility location model for municipal solid waste management system under uncertain environment. Science of the Total Environment603–604:760–771.
29.
YadavVKarmakarSDikshitAK, et al. (2016) A facility location model for municipal solid waste management system under uncertainty: A case study of Nashik city, India. Procedia Environmental Science35:90–100.
30.
YadavVKarmakarSDikshitAK, et al. (2018) Interval-valued facility location model: An appraisal of municipal solid waste management system. Journal of Cleaner Production171:250–263.
31.
YangNDamgaardALüF, et al. (2014) Environmental impact assessment on the construction and operation of municipal solid waste sanitary landfills in developing countries: China case study. Waste Management34:929–937.
Supplementary Material
Please find the following supplemental material available below.
For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.
For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.
