The aim of the study was to develop an improved management mode in Ämmässuo landfill (Finland) for leachate ammonium-nitrogen removal, to minimize the leachate management costs and secure compliance with the uptrend requirements of regulations for on-site leachate management. With a single sequential batch simulation reactor, the minimum C/N ratio was detected as 1.7 (adjusted by external carbon addition), to achieve the acceptable removal efficiency of 99, 62 and 74% in NH 4-N, total nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand, respectively. Both total nitrogen removal and efficiency of carbon use were correlated with an increasing NO-2 /NO-x ratio indicating higher performance with denitrification via nitrite. It was estimated that the leachate management cost could be reduced by 28 to 38%.
Bai T., Lei H., Yu G., Yu Q., Li Z and Li H (2009) High nitrite accumulation and strengthening denitrification for old-age landfill leachate treatment using an autocontrol two-stage hybrid process. Process Safety and Environmental Protection87(5): 307-314.
2.
Canziani R., Emondi V., Garavaglia M., Malpei F., Pasinetti E. and Buttiglieri G. ( 2006) Effect of oxygen concentration on biological nitrification and microbial kinetics in a cross-flow membrane bioreactor (MBR) and moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) treating old landfill leachate. Journal of Membrane Science286(1-2): 202-212.
3.
Chang L. ( 1993) Stickstoffelimination mit einstufigen Belebungsanlagen zur Behandlung von Sickerwasser aus Hausmülldeponien. In: Kayser R (ed.) Sickerwasser aus Hausmülldeponien - vermeiden- vermindernbehandeln. Braunschweig, Germany: Veröffentlichungen des Zentrums fuer Abfallforschung der Technischen Universität Braunschweig, Heft 8, 135-162.
4.
Chang L. ( 1998) Auslegung von einstufigen Belebungsanlagen zur Stickstoffelimination bei Sickerwässern aus Siedlungsabfalldeponien. Dissertation. TU Braunschweig, Germany.
5.
European Standard ( 1998) Water Quality - Determination of Biochemical Oxygen Demand after n Days (BODn) - Part 1: Dilution and Seeding Method with Allylthiourea Addition (ISO 5815:1989, Modified). EN1899-1 .
6.
Farquhar GJ ( 1989) Leachate: production and characterization. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering16(3): 317-325.
7.
Fux C., Lange K., Faessler A., Huber P., Grueniger B. and Siegrist H. ( 2003) Nitrogen removal from digester supernatant via nitrite - SBR or Sharon? Water Science and Technology48(8): 9-18.
8.
Heander E. ( 2007) The Potential of Nitrogen Removal from Leachate from Spillepeng with SBR-technology and Supplemental COD-reduction with Chemical Oxidation Agents. MSc thesis. Lund University, Sweden.
9.
Im J., Woo H., Choi M., Han K. and Kim C. ( 2001) Simultaneous organic and nitrogen removal from municipal landfill leachate using an anaerobic-aerobic system. Water Research35(10): 2403-2410.
10.
ISO International Standard (2005) Water Quality - Determination of Ammonium Nitrogen - Method by Flow Analysis (CFA and FIA) and Spectrometric Detection. ISO11732.
11.
Jokela J., Kettunen R., Sormunen K. and Rintala J. ( 2002) Biological nitrogen removal from municipal landfill leachate: low-cost nitrification in biofilters and laboratory scale in-situ denitrification . Water Research36(16): 4079-4087.
12.
Kalyuzhnyi S. and Gladchenko M. ( 2004) Sequenced anaerobic-aerobic treatment of high strength, strong nitrogenous landfill leachate. Water Science and Technology45(5-6): 301-312.
13.
Pelkonen M., Rauta E. and J-H. Tanskanen ( 1998) Yhdyskuntajätehuollon päästöjen järjestelmätarkastelu [Examination of Emissions in Municipal Solid Waste System]. Helsinki: Helsinka University of Technology, Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Report 20.
14.
Pelkonen M., Kotro M. and Rintala J. ( 1999) Biological nitrogen removal from landfill leachate: a pilot-scale study. Waste Management and Research17(6): 493-497.
15.
Pelkonen M., Kotro M. and Wang Z. ( 2000) Full-scale performance of biological leachate treatment at low temperature. In Proceedings of the 1st International Landfill Research Symposium, Luleå Sweden.
16.
Peng YZ and Zhu GB ( 2006) Biological nitrogen removal with nitrification and denitrification via nitrite pathway. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology73(1): 15-26.
17.
Plosz B., Jantsch T-G., Langford K. and Vogelsang C. ( 2009) Factors influencing biological nitrogen removal in landfill leachate treatment. In Proceedings: Xenobiotics in the Urban Water Cycle - XENOWAC 2009, Cyprus March 11-13, 6 p.
18.
Ruiz G., Jeison D., Rubilar O., Ciudad G. and Chamy R. ( 2006) Nitrification - denitrification via nitrite accumulation for nitrogen removal from wastewaters. Bioresource Technology97(2): 330-335.
19.
SFS (Finnish Standards Association) (ed.) ( 1988) Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand (CODCr) in Water with the Closed Tube Method, Oxidation with Dichromate. SFS5504.
20.
SFS (Finnish Standards Association) (ed.) ( 1990) Determination of Total Residue and Total Fixed Residue in Water, Sludge and Sediment. SFS3008.
21.
SFS (Finnish Standards Association) (ed.) ( 1996) Water Quality. Determination of Suspended Solids, Method by Filtration through Glass Fibre Filters. SFS-EN872.
22.
SFS (Finnish Standards Association) (ed.) ( 1997) Water Quality. Determination of Nitrite Nitrogen and Nitrate Nitrogen and the Sum of Both by Flow Analysis (CFA and FIA) and Spectrometric Detection. SFS-EN13395.
23.
SFS (Finnish Standards Association) (ed.) ( 2004) Water Quality. Determination of Phosphorus, Ammonium Molybdate Spectrometric Method. SFS-EN6878.
24.
SFS (Finnish Standards Association) (ed.) ( 2005) Water Quality. Determination of Orthophosphate and Total Phosphorus Contents by Flow Analysis (CFA and FIA). Part 1: Method by Flow Injection Analysis (FIA). SFS-EN15681-1.
25.
Third K., Newland M. and Cord-Ruwisch R. ( 2003) The effect of dissolved oxygen on phb accumulation in activated sludge cultures. Biotechnology and Bioengineering2(2): 238-250.
26.
Yalmaz G. and Öztürk I. ( 2001) Biological ammonia removal from anaerobically pre-treated landfill leachate in sequencing batch reactors (SBR). Water Science and Technology43(3): 307-314.
27.
Yalmaz G. and Öztürk I. ( 2003) Nutrient removal of ammonia rich effluents in a sequencing batch reactor. Water Science and Technology48(11-12): 377-383.
28.
Wang Y. ( 2004) Leachate Pre-treatment and Gas Monitoring for Leachate Recirculation System in Ämmässuo Landfill. MSc thesis, Helsinki: Helsinki University of Technology .
29.
Wang Y., Pelkonen M. and Kaila J. ( 2009) Implementation of on-site pre-treatment process for landfill leachate management: a cost-saving estimation case study. In Proceedings of the 7th International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium Proceedings, pp. 519-520.
30.
Zeng R., Lemaire R., Yuan Z. and Keller J. ( 2003) Simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal in a lab-scale sequencing batch reactor. Biotechnology and Bioengineering84(2): 170-178.
