Field investigations of lateral gas transport and subsequent emissions in soil adjacent to an old landfill in Denmark have been conducted during a one-year period. A significant seasonal variation in the emissions with high carbon dioxide and low methane fluxes in the summer (May to October) was observed. This was attributed to methane oxidation. Diurnal measurements during a drop in barometric pressure showed that the fluxes of landfill gas changed dramatically within a very short time. The concentrations and the soil moisture content in the upper part of the soil profile had significant influence on the fluxes, as did the distance from the landfill border, temperature, barometric pressure and the pressure gradient. Statistical analyses proved that soil moisture described the largest part of the variation. No methane at all emitted during the summer. Calculations and isotope analyses showed that very high fractions of the laterally migrating methane were oxidised.
Bergamaschi, P., Lubina, C., Konigstedt, R., Fischer, H., Veltkamp, A.C. & Zwaagstra, O. (1998) Stable isotopic signatures (delta C-13, delta D) of methane from European landfill sites. Journal Of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres103 (D7), 8251-8265.
2.
Boeckx, P., Van Cleemput, O. & Villaralvo, I. (1996) Methane emission from a landfill and the methane oxidizing capacity of its covering soil. Soil Biological Biochemistry28, 1397-1405.
3.
Bogner, J., Meadows, M.P. & Czepiel, P.M. (1997a) Fluxes of methane between landfills and the atmosphere: natural and engineered controls. Soil Use and Management13, 268-277.
4.
Bogner, J. & Scott, P. (1995). Landfill CH4 emissions: guidance for field measurements. Argonne, Ill.: International Energy Agency Expert Working Group Landfill Gas.
5.
Bogner, J., Spokas, K. & Burton, E.A. (1997b) Kinetics of Methane Oxidation in a Landfill Cover Soil: Temporal Variations, a Whole-Landfill Oxidation Experiment, and Modeling of Net CH4 Emissions. Environmental Science and Technology31, 2504-2514.
6.
Börjesson, G. & Svensson, B.H. (1997) Seasonal and diurnal methane emissions from a landfill and their regulation by methane oxidation. Waste Management & Research15, 33-54.
7.
Chanton, J. & Liptay, K. (2000) Seasonal variation in methane oxidation in a landfill cover soil as determined by an in situ stable isotope technique. Global Biogeochemical Cycles14, 51-60.
8.
Chanton, J.P., Rutkowski, C.M. & Mosher, B. (1999) Quantifying methane oxidation from landfills using stable isotope analysis of downwind plumes. Environmental Science & Technology33, 3755-3760.
9.
Christophersen, M. & Kjeldsen, P. (2000) Lateral gas transport in soil adjacent to an old landfill: Factors governing gas migration. Manuscript.
10.
Christophersen, M., Linderød, L., Jensen, P.E. & Kjeldsen, P. (2000) Methane Oxidation at Low Temperatures in Soil Exposed to Landfill Gas. Submitted to Journal of Environmental Quality
11.
Czepiel, P.M., Mosher, B., Crill, P. M. & Harriss, R.C. (1996a) Quantifying the effect of oxidation on landfill methane emissions. Journal of Geophysical Research101, (D11) 16721-16729.
12.
Czepiel, P.M., Mosher, B. & Harriss, C. R. (1996b) Landfill methane emissions measured by enclosure and atmospheric tracer methods. Journal of Geophysical Research101, (D11) 16711-16719.
13.
Duenas, C., Fernandez M.C., Carretero, J. & Liger, E. (1999) Methane and carbon dioxide fluxes in soils evaluated by Rn-222 flux and soil air concentration profiles. Atmospheric Environment33, 4495-4502.
14.
Dunn, G. H. & Phillips, R. E. (1991) Macroporosity of a well-drained soil under no-till and conventional tillage. Soil Science Society of America Journal55, 817-823.
Humer, M. & Lechner, P. (1999) Methane oxidation in compost cover layers on landfills. In: Christensen, T.H., Cossu, R. & Stegmann, R. (eds), Proceedings Sardinia 99, Seventh International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium, S. Margherita di Pula, Cagliari, Italy, 4-8 October 1999. Cagliari, Italy: CISA, pp. 403-410.
17.
Jensen, L. S., McQueen, D. J. & Shepherd, T.G. (1996) Effects of soil compaction on N-mineralization and microbial-C and -N .1. Field measurements. Soil & Tillage Research38, 175-188,
18.
Jones, H.A. & Nedwell, D.B. (1993) Methane emission and methane oxidation in landfill cover soil. FEMSMicrobiology Ecology102, 185-195.
19.
Kightley, D., Nedwell, D.B. & Cooper, M. (1995) Capacity for Methane Oxidation in Landfill Cover Soils Measured in Laboratory-Scale Soil Microcosms. Applied and Environmental Microbiology61, 592-601.
20.
Kjeldsen, P. (1996) Landfill gas migration in soil. In: Christensen, T.H., Cossu, R. & Stegmann, R. (eds) Landfilling of waste: Biogas. London, GB: E & FN Spon,
21.
Kjeldsen, P. & Fischer, E.V. (1995) Landfill gas migration - Field investigations at Skellingsted landfill, Denmark. Waste Management & Research13, 467-484.
22.
Kotz, S., Johnson, N.L. & Read, C.B. (1982) Encyclopedia of statistical sciences 1. New York, N.Y.: John Wiley
23.
Lelieveld, J., Crutzen, P. J., & Dentener, F. J. (1998) Changing concentration, lifetime and climate forcing of atmospheric methane. Tellus50B, 128-150.
24.
Liptay, K., Chanton, J., Czepiel P. & Mosher, B. (1998) Use of stable isotopes to determine methane oxidation in landfill cover soils. Journal Of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres103 (D7), 8243-8250.
25.
Lu, A.H. & Kunz, C.O. (1981) Gas-flow Model To Determine Methane Production at Sanitary Landfills. Environmental Science and Technology15, 436-440.
26.
Maurice C., & Lagerkvist A., (1997) Seasonal variation of landfill gas emissions. In: Christensen, T.H., Cossu, R., Stegmann, R., (eds), Proceedings Sardinia 97, Sixth International Landfill Symposium, S. Margherita di Pula, Cagliari, Italy, 13-17 October 1997. Cagliari, Italy: CISA, pp. 87-93.
27.
Meadows, M., Gregory, R., Fish, C. & Gronow, J. (1999) Characterising methane emissions from different types of landfill sites. In: Christensen, T.H., Cossu, R., Stegmann, R., (eds), Proceedings Sardinia 99, Seventh International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium, S. Margherita di Pula, Cagliari, Italy, 4-8 October 1999. Cagliari, Italy: CISA, pp. 25-32.
28.
Merritt, D.A., Hayes, J.M. & Marias, D.D. (1995) Carbon isotopic analysis of atmospheric methane by isotope-ratio-monitoring gas chromatography mass-spectrometry. Journal Of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres100 (D1), 1317-1326.
29.
Nozhevnikova, A.N., Lifshitz, A.B., Lebedev, V.S. &. Zavarzin, G.A. (1993) Emission of methane into the atmosphere from landfills in the former USSR. Chemosphere26, 401-417.
30.
Poulsen, T.G., Christophersen, M., Moldrup, P. & Kjeldsen, P. (2000) Modelling lateral gas transport in soil adjacent to an old landfill. Submitted to Journal of Environmental Engineering.
31.
Raich, J. W. & Schlesinger, W. H. (1992) The global carbon-dioxide flux in soil respiration and its relationship to vegetation and climate. Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology44, 81-99,
32.
Raich, J.W. & Tufekcioglu, A. (2000) Vegetation and soil respiration: Correlations and controls. Biogeochemistry48, 71-90.
33.
Reeburgh. W. S. (1996), "Soft spot" in the global methane budget. In: Lidstrom, M. E. & Tabita, F. R.(eds), Microbial Growth on C1 Compounds. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 334-342.
34.
Straka, F., Crha, J., Pavlas, M. & Musilova, M. (1997) Sub-surface landfill gas monitoring. In: Christensen, T.H., Cossu, R. & Stegmann, R.(eds), Proceedings Sardinia 97, Sixth International Landfill Symposium, S. Margherita di Pula, Cagliari, Italy, 13-17 October 1997. Cagliari, Italy: CISA, pp. 275-287.
35.
Watson, K.W. & Luxmore, R.L. (1986) Estimating Macroporosity in a Forest Watershed by use of a Tension Infiltrometer. SoilScience Society of America Journal50, 578-582.
36.
Whalen, S.C., Reeburgh, W.S. &. Sandbeck. K.A. (1990) Rapid Methane Oxidation in a Landfill Cover Soil. Applied and Environmental Microbiology56, 3405-3411.
37.
Williams, G.M. & Aitkenhead, N. (1991) Lessons from Loscoe: the uncontrolled migration of landfill gas. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology24, 91-207.
38.
Young, A. (1990) Volumetric changes in landfill gas flux in response to variations in atmospheric pressure. Waste Management & Research8, 379-385.
39.
Young, A. (1992) The Effect of Fluctuations in Atmospheric Pressure on Landfill Gas Migration and Composition. Water, Air and Soil Pollution64, 601-616.
