Is the use of Passive Alcohol Sensors at Sobriety Checkpoints an Unreasonable Law Enforcement Practice in the State of delaware?

Bromwell v. State, 427 A.2d 884 (Del. Supr. 1981)

Brown v. Texas, 443 U.S. 47 (1979).

Camara v. Municipal Court, 387 U.S. 523 (1967).

Carroll v. United States, 267 U.S. 132 (1925).

Commonwealth v. Brandt, 244 Pa. Super. Ct. 154, 366 A.2d 1238 (1976).

Commonwealth v. Funk, 254 Pa. Super. 233, 385 A.2d 995 (1978).

Commonwealth v. Kendrick, 490 A.2d 923 (Pa. Super. 1985).

Commonwealth v. Pandamus, 333 Pa. Super. Ct. 382, 482 A.2d 619 (1984).

Coolidge v. New Hampshire, 403 U.S. 443 (1971).

Coxe v. State, 281 A.2d 606 (Del. Supr. 1971).

Delaware Code Annotated (1983). Title 21, § 2740(b).

Delaware Code Annotated (1983). Title 21, § 2741(c).

Delaware Code Annotated (1983). Title 21, § 2742(b).

Delaware Code Annotated (1983). Title 21, § 2750(a).

Delaware Code Annotated (1983). Title 21, § 4177(a)-(b).

Delaware v. Prouse, 440 U.S. 648 (1979).

Department of Transportation v. Armacost, 292 Md. 392, 474 A.2d 191 (1984).

Fernandez, L. (1986). DUI roadblocks: Drunk drivers take a toll on the fourth amendment. John Marshall Law Review, 19, 983-1005.

Fields, M. , & Hiriko, A. (1985). Passive alcohol sensors-constitutional imlications. Washington, DC: Insurance Institute for Highway Safety.

Florida v. Royer, 460 U.S. 491 (1983).

Fons, R. J. (1986-87). Drunk driving roadblocks. University of Colorado Law Review, 58, 109-119.

Freeman v. State, 305 A.2d 332 (Del. Supr. 1973).

Garrett v. Goodwin, 569 F.Supp. 106 (E.D. Ark. 1982).

In re Multi Vehicle Accident, 135 N.J. Super. 190, 341 A.2d 903 (1975).

Jones v. State, 459 So.2d 1068 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1984) affd, No. 66, 373 (Fla. Feb. 20, 1986).

Jutman v. State, 494 A.2d 1249 (Del. Supr. 1985).

Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347 (1967).

Little v. State, 300 Md. 485, 479 A.2d 903 (1984).

Lucas v. United States, 411 A.2d 360 (D.C. 1980).

Manak, J. P. (1986). Constitutional aspects of the use of passive alcohol screening devices as law enforcement tools for dwi enforcement. The Prosecuor, 19, 29-35.

Maxwell, J. M. (1984). Evidence admissibility, breathalyzer test results. Seton Hall Law Review, 15, 227-228.

McDonell v. Hunter, 612 F.Supp. 1122 (S.D. Iowa 1985), modified, 809 F.2d 1302 (8th Cir. 1987).

People v. Carlson, 677 P.2d 310 (Colo. 1984).

People v. Mayberry, 31 Cal.3d. 335, 644 P.2d 810, 182 Cal. Rptr. 617 (1982).

People v. Williams, 51 Cal. App. 3d. 346, 124 Cal. Rptr. 253 (1975).

Reed v. State, 283 Md. 374, 391 A.2d 364 (1978).

Rogers, L. N. (1985). The drunkdriving roadblock: Random seizure or minimal intrusion? Criminal Law Bulletin, 21, 197-205.

Romano v. Kimmalman, 474 A.2d 1 (N.J. 1984).

Schaffer v. State, 184 A.2d 689 (Del. 1962).

Schmerber v. California, 384 U.S. 757 (1966).

Searches and seizures § 1. (1952). Corpus Juris Secundurn, 79, 772-773.

Shoemaker v. Handel, 619 F.Supp. 1089 (1985), aff'd 795 F.2d 1136 (3rd Cir. 1986), cert. denied, 107 S.Ct. 577 (1986).

Slaughter v. State, 322 A.2d 15 (Del. Supr. 1974).

South Dakota v. Neville, 459 U.S. 553 (1983).

State ex rel. Buckson v. Sposato, 43 Del. Ch. 443, 235 A.2d 841 (1967).

State v. Ball, 471 A.2d 347 (N.H. 1983).

State v. Berker, 120 R.l. 849, 391 A.2d 107 (1978).

State v. Burke, 172 N.J. Super Ct. App. Div. 555, 412 A.2d 1324 (1980).

State v. Chatton, 11 Ohio St.3d 59, 463 N.E.2d 1237 (1984).

State v. Clark, 286 Or. 33, 593 P.2d 123 (1980).

State v. Coccomo, 177 N.J. Super. 575, 427 A.2d 131 (1980).

State v. Deskins, 234 Kan. 529, 673 P.2d 1174 (1983).

State vG Garland, 482 A.2d 139 (Me. 1984).

State v. Koppel, 127 N.H. 286, 499 A.2d 977 (1985).

State v. Moore, 187 A.2d 807 (Del. Super. 1963).

State v. Morros, 128 Ariz. 309, 625 P.2d.898 (1981).

State v. Novembrino, 200 N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 229, 491 A.2d 37 (1985).

State v. Poli, 390 A.2d 415 (Del. Supr. 1978).

State v. Prouse, 382 A.2d 1359 (Del. Supr. 1978), aff'd 440 U.S. 648 (1979).

Tatman v. State, 305 A.2d 332 (Del. Supr. 1985).

Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1 (1968).

Texas v. Brown, 460 U.S. 730 (1983).

United States v. Albarado, 495 F.2d 799 (2nd Cir. 1974).

United States v. Beale, 736 F.2d 1289 (9th Cir. 1984).

United States v. Bronstein, 521 F.2d 459 (2nd Cir. 1975).

United States v. Fuentes, 399 F.Supp. 1145 (S.D. Texas 1974).

United States v. Humphrey, 759 F.2d 743 (9th Cir. 1985).

United States v. Martinez-Fuerte, 428 U.S. 543 (1976).

United States v. Marvin, 761 F.2d 426 (7th Cir. 1985).

United States v. Messerly, 530 F.Supp. 751 (D. Montana 1982).

United States v. Ortiz, 422 U.S. 891 (1975).

United States v. Place, 462 U.S. 696 (1983).

United States v. Ross, 456 U.S. 798 (1982).

United States v. Solis, 393 F.Supp. 325 (D.C. Cal. 1975).