AborisadeR. A. (2021). Accounts of unlawful use of force and misconduct of the Nigerian police in the enforcement of COVID-19 measures. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 36(3), 450–462. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-021-09431-4
2.
AkinlabiO. M. (2017). Do the police really protect and serve the public? Police deviance and public cynicism towards the law in Nigeria. Criminology & Criminal Justice, 17(2), 158–174. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748895816659906
3.
AkinlabiO. M. (2020). Citizens’ accounts of police use of force and its implication for trust in the police. Journal of Crime and Justice, 43(2), 145–160. https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.2019.1650798
4.
AkinlabiO. M.MurphyK. (2018). Dull compulsion or perceived legitimacy? Assessing why people comply with the law in Nigeria. Police Practice and Research, 19(2), 186–201. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2018.1418170
5.
AlemikaE. E. (2009). Police practice and police research in Africa. Police Practice and Research: An International Journal, 10(5–6), 483–502. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614260903378467
6.
ArriolaL. R.GrossmanA. N. (2021). Ethnic marginalization and (non) compliance in public health emergencies. The Journal of Politics, 83(3), 807–820. https://doi.org/10.1086/710784
7.
BorowskiE.StathopoulosA. (2020). On-demand ride sourcing for urban emergency evacuation events: An exploration of message content, emotionality, and intersectionality. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 44, 101406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101406
8.
CochranJ. C.WarrenP. Y. (2012). Racial, ethnic, and gender differences in perceptions of the police: The salience of officer race within the context of racial profiling. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 28(2), 206–227. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043986211425726
9.
DongL.BoueyJ. (2020). Public mental health crisis during COVID-19 pandemic, China. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 26(7), 1616–1618. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2607.200407
10.
FaganJ.DaviesG. (2000). Street stops and broken windows: Terry, race, and disorder in New York City. Fordham Urban Law Journal, 28, 457.
11.
FullerE. J.AbramsonD. M.SuryJ. (2007). Unanticipated consequences of a pandemic flu in New York City: A neighborhood focus group study : Vol. 10. National Center for Disaster Preparedness Research Brief.
12.
GauJ. M.BrunsonR. K. (2010). Procedural justice and order maintenance policing: A study of inner-city young men's perceptions of police legitimacy. Justice Quarterly, 27(2), 255–279. https://doi.org/10.1080/07418820902763889
HammJ. A.TrinknerR.CarrJ. D. (2017). Fair process, trust, and cooperation: Moving toward an integrated framework of police legitimacy. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 44(9), 1183–1212. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854817710058
15.
HelfersR. C.NhanJ. (2022). A qualitative study: An examination of police Officers’ lived experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Criminal Justice Review, 32(3), 308–327. https://doi.org/10.1177/10575677211050427
JacksonJ.BradfordB. (2010). What is trust and confidence in the police?Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, 4(3), 241–248. https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paq020
18.
JamisonA. M.QuinnS. C.FreimuthV. S. (2019). “You don't trust a government vaccine”: Narratives of institutional trust and influenza vaccination among African American and white adults. Social Science & Medicine, 221, 87–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.12.020
19.
LambG. (2023). Police legitimacy and the SAPS’s policing of the COVID-19 pandemic. In The South African response to COVID-19 (pp. 136–155). Routledge.
20.
MaskályJ.IvkovićS. K.NeyroudP. (2021). Policing the COVID-19 pandemic: Exploratory study of the types of organizational changes and police activities across the globe. International Criminal Justice Review, 31(3), 266–285. https://doi.org/10.1177/10575677211012807
21.
MurphyK. (2017). Challenging the ‘invariance' thesis: Procedural justice policing and the moderating influence of trust on citizens’ obligation to obey police. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 13, 429–437.
22.
NixJ.WolfeS. E.RojekJ.KaminskiR. J. (2015). Trust in the police: The influence of procedural justice and perceived collective efficacy. Crime & Delinquency, 61(4), 610–640. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128714530548
PryceD. K.ChenaneJ. L. (2021). Trust and confidence in police officers and the institution of policing: The views of African Americans in the American south. Crime & Delinquency, 67(6–7), 808–838. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128721991823
ReinhardtG. Y. (2019). The intersectionality of disasters’ effects on trust in public officials. Social Science Quarterly, 100(7), 2567–2580. https://doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.12727
27.
RochéS.OberwittlerD. (2018). Towards a broader view of police-citizen relations: How societal cleavages and political contexts shape trust and distrust, legitimacy and illegitimacy. In Police-citizen relations across the world. Comparing sources and contexts of trust and legitimacy (pp. 3–26). Routledge.
28.
SargeantE.MurphyK.CherneyA. (2014). Ethnicity, trust, and cooperation with police: Testing the dominance of the process-based model. European Journal of Criminology, 11(4), 500–524. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370813511386
29.
ShodunkeA. O. (2022). Enforcement of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown orders in Nigeria: Evidence of public (non) compliance and police illegalities. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 77, 103082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103082
30.
SmallmanS. (2015). Whom do you trust? Doubt and conspiracy theories in the 2009 influenza pandemic. Journal of International and Global Studies, 6(2), 1.
31.
Sun, I., Hu, R., & Wu, Y. (2012). Social capital, political participation, and trust in the police in urban China. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 45(1), 87–105.
32.
Sun, I. Y., Jou, S., Hou, C. C., & Chang, Y. C. (2014). Public trust in the police in Taiwan: A test of instrumental and expressive models. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 47(1), 123–140.
33.
SunshineJ.TylerT. R. (2003). The role of procedural justice and legitimacy in shaping public support for policing. Law & Society Review, 37(3), 513–548. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-5893.3703002
34.
TankebeJ. (2008). Police effectiveness and police trustworthiness in Ghana: An empirical appraisal. Criminology & Criminal Justice, 8(2), 185–202. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748895808088994
35.
TankebeJ. (2010). Public confidence in the police: Testing the effects of public experiences of police corruption in Ghana. The British Journal of Criminology, 50(2), 296–319. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azq001
36.
TankebeJ. (2013). Viewing things differently: The dimensions of public perceptions of police legitimacy. Criminology; An Interdisciplinary Journal, 51(1), 103–135. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2012.00291.x
37.
Tyler, T. R. (2005). Policing in black and white: Ethnic group differences in trust and confidence in the police. Police Quarterly, 8(3), 322–342.
38.
Tyler, T. R., & Fagan, J. (2008). Legitimacy and cooperation: Why do people help the police fight crime in their communities. Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law, 6, 231.
39.
Tyler, T. R., Fagan, J., & Geller, A. (2014). Street stops and police legitimacy: Teachable moments in young urban men's legal socialization. Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, 11(4), 751–785.
Van CraenM.SkoganW. G. (2015). Differences and similarities in the explanation ethnic minority groups’ trust in the police. European Journal of Criminology, 12(3), 300–323. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370814535375
