Social welfare planners have lacked clear, functional goals against which to evaluate the
performance of social and health programs. The authors construct a model for assessing the
extent to which a community's services are addressing the independence and behavioral
functioning needs of its elderly residents. The model is evaluated using service data from a
middle-income midwestern community.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Binstock, R.H. (1983). The aged as scapegoat. Gerontologist , 23, 136-143.
2.
Blenkner, M., Bloom, M., & Nielson, M. (1971). A research and demonstration project of protective services. Social Casework, 52, 483-499.
3.
Cantor, M.H. (1976). Effect of ethnicity on life styles of the inner-city elderly. In M. P. Lawton, R. J. Newcomer, & T. O. Byerts (Eds.), Community planning for an aging society . Stroudsberg, PA: Dowden, Hutchinson, & Ross.
4.
Etzioni, A.W. (1976). Old people and public policy. Social Policy, 7, 21-29.
5.
Germain, C.B., & Gitterman, A. (1980). The life model of social work practice. New York: Columbia University Press.
6.
Golant, S.M. (1984). A place to grow old: The meaning of environment in old age. New York: Columbia University Press.
7.
Golant, S.M., & McCaslin, R. (1979a). A functional classification of services for older people. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 1, 187-209.
8.
Golant, S.M., & McCaslin, R. (1979b). A social indicator model for the elderly population's social welfare environment. In S. M. Golant (Ed.), Location and environment of elderly population. New York: John Wiley.
9.
Haber, D. (1986). In-home and community-based long-term care services: A review of recent AoA projects involving self-determination. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 5, 37-50.
10.
Hudson, R.B. (1978). The graying of the federal budget and its consequences for old-age policy. Gerontologist, 18, 428-440.
11.
Huttman, E.D. (1985). Social services for the elderly. New York: Free Press.
12.
Kahn, A.J. (1969). Theory and practice of social planning. New York: Russell Sage.
13.
Kimmel, W.A. (1977). Needs assessment: A critical perspective. Washington, DC: Office of Planning and Evaluation, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare.
14.
Lawton, M.P. (1972). Assessing the competence of older people. In D. P. Kent, R. Kastenbaum, & S. Sherwood (Eds ), Research, planning, and action for the elderly. New York. Behavioral Publishers.
15.
Maslow, A.H. (1962). Toward a psychology of being. New York: Van Nostrand.
16.
Miller, J.G. (1965). Living systems: Structure and process. Behavioral Science, 10, 337-379.
17.
Neugarten, B.L. (1982). Age or need? Public policies for older people . Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
18.
Richmond, M. (1922). What is social casework? New York: Russell Sage.
19.
Rossi, P.H., Freeman, H.E., & Wright, S.R. (1979). Evaluation: A systematic approach. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
20.
Steinitz, L.Y. (1981). The local church as support for the elderly. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 4, 43-53.
21.
Tobin, S.S., Davidson, S.M., & Sack, A. (1976). Effective social services for older Americans . Ann Arbor: Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan.
22.
Tobin, S.S., & Lieberman, M. (1976). Last home for the aged. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
23.
United Way of America (1976). Services and identification system, UWASIS II: A taxonomy of social goals and human service programs. Alexandria, VA: United Way of America.
24.
White, R.W. (1959). Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence . Psychological Review, 66, 297-333.
