Urban–Rural Comparison of Factors Influencing Moderate-Intensity Physical Activity Among Older Adults: Evidence for Establishing an AI-Based Community Care System

Abstract

As Korea became a super-aged society in 2025, disparities in physical activity between urban and rural older adults have become increasingly important. Using data from the 2024 Community Health Survey, this study examined sociodemographic, health, lifestyle, and psychosocial factors influencing moderate-intensity physical activity among adults aged 65 years or older. Logistic regression showed that urban older adults with higher education and non-manual jobs, and rural older adults with increasing age and having a spouse, were less active. Walking practice and self-rated health were the strongest predictors in both regions. Cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms were positively associated with activity, possibly reflecting community-based rehabilitation participation. Findings suggest that physical activity in later life is a multidimensional behavior shaped by physical, emotional, social, and digital factors, supporting AI-integrated community care to promote equitable health management across regions.