Adult day service (ADS) programs provide caregivers with a block of time away from their relative but may not reduce the overall time they spend caregiving. The current study addresses time estimates of caregiving activities among employed and non-employed caregivers of relatives with dementia who attended an ADS program for 3 months. ADS restructured caregiving activities by reducing the time caregivers spent dealing with behavior problems, reducing the time care-recipients spent alone, and increasing the time caregivers spent away from their relatives. Differences in how ADS restructures time for employed and non-employed caregivers are discussed. Day care supplements help provided by the caregiver and other informal sources and provides caregivers with uninterrupted time away from their relative.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Aneshensel, C. S.
, Pearlin, L. I., Mullan, J. T., Zarit, S. H., & Whitlatch, C. (1995). Profiles in caregiving. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
2.
Barber, C. E.
, & Pasley, B. K. (1995). Family care of Alzheimer’s patients: The role of gender and generational relationship on caregiver outcomes. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 14(2), 172-192.
3.
Berry, G. L.
, Zarit, S. H., & Rabatin, V. X. (1991). Caregiver activity on respite and nonrespite days: A comparison of two service approaches. The Gerontologist, 31, 830-835.
4.
Burdz, M. P.
, Eaton, W. O., & Bond, J. B. (1988). The effect of respite care on dementia and non-dementia patients and their caregivers. Psychology and Aging, 3(1), 38-42.
5.
Cantor, M. H.
(1983). Strain among caregivers: A study of experience in the United States. The Gerontologist, 23, 597-604.
6.
Deimling, G. T.
, & Bass, D. M. (1986). Symptoms of mental impairment among elderly adults and their effects on family caregivers. Journal of Gerontology, 41, 778-784.
7.
Deimling, G. T.
, Bass, D. M., Townsend, A. L., & Noelker, L. S. (1989). Care-related stress: A comparison of spouse and adult-child caregivers in shared and separate households. Journal of Aging and Health, 1, 65-80.
8.
Enright, R. B.
,& Friss, L. (1987). Employed caregivers of brain-impaired adults. San Francisco, CA: Family Survival Project.
9.
Gottlieb, B. H.
, & Johnson, J. (1995). Impact of day programs on family caregivers of persons with dementia. Guelph, Ontario: Gerontology Research Center, University of Guelph.
10.
Hinrichsen, G. A.
, & Ramirez, M. (1992). Black and white dementia caregivers: A comparison of their adaptation, adjustment and service utilization. The Gerontologist, 32(3), 375-381.
11.
Jarrott, S. E.
, Zarit, S. H., Stephens, M.A.P., Townsend, A.,& Greene, R. (1999). Caregiver satisfaction with adult day service programs. American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 14(4), 233-244.
12.
Kaufman, C. F.
, Lane, P. M.,& Lindquist, J. D. (1991). Exploring more than 24 hours per day: A preliminary investigation of polychronic time use. Journal of Consumer Research, 18(3), 392-401.
13.
Lawton, M. P.
,& Brody, E. M. (1969). Assessment of older people: Self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. The Gerontologist, 9, 179-186.
14.
Montgomery, R.J.B.
,& Kosloski, K. (1995). Respite revisited: Re-assessing the impact. In P. R. Katz, R. L. Kane,& M. D. Mezey (Eds.), Quality care in geriatric settings(pp. 47-67). New York: Springer.
15.
Moss, M. S.
, Lawton, M. P., Kleban, M. H., & Duhamel, L. (1993). Time use of caregivers of impaired elders before and after institutionalization. Journal of Gerontology, 48, S102-S111.
16.
Pruchno, R. A.
, & Resch, N. L. (1989). Husbands and wives as caregivers: Antecedents of depression and burden. The Gerontologist, 29, 159-165.
17.
Robinson, K. M.
(1990). Predictors of burden among wife caregivers. Scholarly Inquiry for Nursing Practice, 4(3), 189-203.
18.
Scharlach, A. E.
(1994). Elder care versus adult care: Does care recipient age make a difference?Research in Aging, 16(1), 43-68.
19.
Scharlach, A. E.
, & Boyd, S. L. (1989). Caregiving and employment: Results of an employee survey. The Gerontologist, 29, 382-387.
20.
Stoller, E.
(1983). Parental caregiving by adult children. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 45(4), 851-858.
21.
Stone, R.
, Cafferata, G. L.,& Sangl, J. (1987). Caregivers of the frail elderly: A national profile. The Gerontologist, 27, 616-626.
22.
Teri, L., Truax, P., Longsdon, R., Uomoto, J., & Zarit, S. (1990). Assessment of behavior problems in dementia: The Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist. Unpublished manuscript.
23.
Zarit, S. H.
(1986). Issues and directions in family intervention research. In E. Light& D. Lebowitz (Eds.), Alzheimer’s disease treatment and family stress: Directions for research(pp. 458-486). Maryland: National U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
24.
Zarit, S. H.
(1990). Interventions with elders and their families: Are they effective and why? In M.A.P. Stephens (Ed.), Stress and coping in later-life families(pp. 214-265). New York: Hemisphere Publishing Corporation.
25.
Zarit, S. H.
, Anthony, C. R., & Boutselis, M. (1987). Interventions with caregivers of dementia patients: Comparison of two approaches. Psychology and Aging, 2(3), 225-232.
26.
Zarit, S. H.
, & Eggebeen, D. J. (1995). Parent-child relationships in adulthood and old age. In M. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting, Vol. 1: How children influence parenting(pp. 119-140). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
27.
Zarit, S. H.
, Stephens, M.A.P., Townsend, A., & Greene, R. (1998). Stress reduction for family caregivers: Effects of adult day care use. Journal of Gerontology: Social Science, 53B(5), S267-S277.
28.
Zarit, S. H.
, & Zarit, J. M. (1998). Mental disorders in later life: Fundamentals of assessment and treatment. New York: Guilford Publications.
