Composite stiffened shells have been analysed with the help of two dif ferent elements—a nine-noded Lagrangian isoparametric element and the Heterosis ele ment. Both the elements have the advantages of accommodating curved boundaries and in corporating shear deformation. In the formulation, the stiffener need not be placed along the nodal line as it takes care of the placement of the stiffener anywhere within the shell element. This makes the modelling more flexible. Concentric and eccentric stiffened com posite shells have been analysed with the help of these two elements. The results obtained on the basis of these two have been compared. Parametric studies of the different variables have been conducted.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Hughes, T. J. R. and E. Hmton , eds. 1986. Finite Element Methods for Plates and Shell Structures. Swansea: Pineridge Press.
2.
Belytschko, T.1989. "A Review of Recent Developments in Plate and Shell Elements (1975-1985,' Comput. Mech. Adv. Trends, AMD, ASME, 75:217-231.
3.
Ahmad, S., B.M. Irons and O.C. Zienckiewicz .1970. 'Analysis of Thick and Thin Shell Structures by Curved Finite Element," IJNME, 2:419-451.
4.
Bouberguig, A. and J. Jirousek.1980. "A Family of Special-Purpose Elements for Analysis of Ribbed and Reinforced Shells," Computers and Structures, 12(2):253-264.
5.
Kohnke, P.C. and W.C. Schnobrich.1972. "Analysis of Eccentrically Stiffened Cylindrical Shells," J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 98(ST7):1493-1510.
6.
Venkatesh, A. and K.P. Rao.1983. 'Analysis of Laminated Shells with Laminated Stiffeners Using Rectangular Shell Finite Elements," Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Engg. , 38:255-272.
7.
Sinha, G., A.H. Sheikh and M. Mukhopadhyay .1992. "A New Finite Element Model for the Analysis of Arbitrary Stiffened Shells," Finite Element in Analysis and Design, 12:241-271.
8.
Venkatesh, A. and K.P. Rao.1985. 'Analysis of Laminated Shells of Revolution with Laminated Stiffeners Using a Doubly Curved Quadrilateral Finite Element," Computers and Structures, 20:669-682.
9.
Venkatesh, A. , P.V. Ramana Murthy and K.P. Rao.1986. " Finite Element Analysis of Bimodulus Composite Stiffened Thin Shells of Revolution ," Computers and Structures, 22:13-24.
10.
Bhimaraddi, A., A.J. Carr and P.J. Moss.1989. "Finite Element Analysis of Laminated Shells of Revolution with Laminated Stiffeners," Computers and Structures, 33:295-305.
11.
Chattopadhyay, B., P.K. Sinha and M. Mukhopadhyay.1992. "Finite Element Free Vibration Analysis of Eccentrically Stiffened Composite Plates," J. Rein. Plast. Compo. , 11:1003-1034.
12.
Saetta, A.V. and R.V. Vitaliani.1990. 'A Finite Element Formulation for Shells of Arbitrary Geometry," Computers and Structures, 37:781-793.
13.
Chandrashekhara, K.1989. "Free Vibrations of Anisotropic Laminated Doubly Curved Shells," Computers and Structures , 33:435-440.
14.
Chattopadhyay, B., P.K. Sinha and M. Mukhopadhyay.1993. "Finite Element Analysis of Blade-Stiffened Composite Plates under Transverse Loads," J. Rein. Plast. and Compo., 12(1):76-100.
15.
Zienkiewicz, O.C.1977. The Finite Element Method, 3rd Edn. London: McGraw Hill.
16.
Rossow, M.P. and A.K. Ibrahimkhail .1978. "Constraint Method Analysis of Stiffened Plates," Computers and Structures, 8:51-60.
Venkatesh, A. and K.P. Rao.1982. "A Laminated Anisotropic Curved Beam and Shell Stiffening Finite Element," Computers and Structures, 15(2):197-201.
19.
Venkatesh, A. and K.P. Rao.1980. "A Doubly Curved Quadrilateral Finite Element for the Analysis of Laminated Anisotropic Thin Shells of Revolution ," Computers and Structures, 12:825-832.
20.
Bhimaraddi, A., A.J. Carr and P.J. Moss.1989. "A Shear Deformable Finite Element for the Analysis of General Shell of Revolution," Computers and Structures, 31:299-308.
21.
Jeyachandrabose, C. and J. Kirkhope.1985. "A High Precision Triangular Laminated Anisotropic Shallow Thin Shell Finite Element," Computers and Structures, 21:701-723.
22.
Lakshmmarayana, H.V. and S. Viswanath.1978. "A High Precision Triangular Laminated Anisotropic Cylindrical Shell Finite Element," Computers and Structures, 8:633-640.
23.
Leissa, A.W. and M.S. Qatu.1991. "Equations of Elastic Deformation of Laminated Composite Shallow Shells," J. Appl. Mech., 58:181-188.
24.
Reddy, J.N.1984. "Exact Solutions of Moderately Thick Laminated Shells," J. Engg. Mech. Div., ASCE, 110:794-809.
25.
Lakshminarayana, H.V. and S. Sridhara Murthy.1984. "A Shear-Flexible Triangular Finite Element Model for Laminated Composite Plate," IJNME, 20:591-623.
26.
Noor, A.K. and M.D. Mathers.1975. "Shear Flexible Finite Element Models of Laminated Composite Plates and Shells," NASATN-D 8044.
27.
Irons, B.M.1976. "The Semiloof Shell Element," in Finite Elements for Thin Shells and Curved Members, D. G. Ashwell and R. H. Gallagher, eds., London: John Wiley, pp. 197-222.
28.
Yang, T.Y.1973. "High Order Rectangular Shallow Shell Finite Element," J. Eng. Mech. Div., ASCE, 99(EMI):157-180.
29.
McBean, R.P.1968. 'Analysis of Stiffened Plates by Finite Element Method ," Ph.D. thesis presented to Stanford University.
30.
Chang, S.P.1973. "Analysis of Eccentrically Stiffened Plates," Ph.D. thesis presented to the University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.
31.
Timoshenko, S. and S. Woinowsky-Krieger.Theory of Plates and Shells , 2nd Ed. New York: McGraw Hill.
32.
Sanders, J.L.1959. 'An Improved First-Approximation Theory for Thin Shells," NASA Tech. Rep. R-24.
33.
Huang, H.C.1989. Static and Dynamic Analysis of Plates and Shells. Berlin: Springer.
34.
Hughes, T.J.R.1987. The Finite Element Method . New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
