Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

Hybrid palm ash/silica/natural rubber composites were prepared using a laboratory-sized two roll mill. The effects of partial replacement of palm ash by silica on curing characteristics, mechanical properties, and morphology of hybrid palm ash/silica/natural rubber composites were investigated. Compared to the control composite (30 phr of palm ash), increasing the silica in the weight ratio of silica/palm ash increases the scorch time and cure time, the maximum and minimum torques, and enhances the rubber—filler interaction, tensile strength, tensile modulus, and fatigue life. However the incorporation of palm ash also exhibits the beneficial effects by shorter curing time of hybrid palm ash/silica/natural rubber composites.

Keywords

natural rubber composite palm ash mechanical properties curing characteristic.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Arroyo, M. , Lopez-Manchado, M.A. and Herrero, B. ( 2003). Organo-montmorillonite as Substitute of Carbon Black in Natural Rubber Compounds, Polymer, 44: 1167-1174.

Nugay, N. and Erman, B. ( 2001). Property Optimization in Nitrile Rubber Composites via Hybrid Filler Systems, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 79: 366-375.

Bokabza, L. and Rapoport, O.J. ( 2002). Reinforcement of Natural Rubber, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 85: 325-332.

Seto, J. ( 1977). Effect of Adsorption on Reinforcement of Filled Polyurethane, Rubber Chem. Technol., 50: 333-341.

Payne, A.R. and Whittaker, R.E. ( 1971). Low Strain Dynamic Properties of Filled Rubbers, Rubber Chem. Technol., 44: 440-450.

Boonstra, B.B. ( 1982). Reinforcement by Fillers, In: Blow, C. M. , Hepburn, C. and Butterworth (eds), Rubber Technology and Manufacture , p. 269, London.

Ismail, H. , Freakley, P.K. , Bradley, R.H. , Sutherland, I. and Sheng, E. ( 1995). Modes of Action of a Multifunctional Additive in a Carbon Black Filled Natural Rubber Compounds, Plast. Rubb. Comp. Process. Appl., 23: 43-52.

Ismail, H. and Freakley, P.K. ( 1996). Determination of the Modes of Action of a Cationic Surfactant for Property Development in Silica Filled Natural Rubber Compound, Eur. Polym . J., 32: 411-417.

Ismail, H. and Chia, H.H. ( 1998). The Effects of Multifunctional Additive and Vulcanization Systems in Silica Filled Epoxidised Natural Rubber Compounds, Eur. Polym. J., 34: 1857-1863.

10.

Lorenz, O. and Park, C.R. ( 1961). The Crosslinking Efficiency of Some Vulcanizing Agents in Natural Rubber, J. Polym. Sci., 50: 299-305.

11.

Wagner, P. ( 1981). Elastomerics, 113: 40-50.

12.

Jacques, J.E. (1971). Processing Technology and Manufacture, In: Blow, C. M., Hepburn, C. and Butterworth (eds), Rubber Technology and Manufacture, p. 321, London.

13.

Beatty, J.R. (1967). Fatigue of Rubber, Rubber Chem. & Technol., 37: 1341-1351.

Curing Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Palm Ash/Silica/Natural Rubber Composites

Abstract

Keywords

Get full access to this article

References