Previous work on property changes in orthotropic laminates due to transverse ply cracking is extended to monoclinic laminates. In particular, the effective elastic moduli and thermal expansion coefficients for a [θm/=90°n]S laminate containing transverse cracks through the middle 90°n layers are determined analytically. The cracks are assumed to be evenly spaced and to extend across the entire laminate width. Each of the m and 90°n ply clusters are treated as a single homogeneous plate. The two ply clusters are connected through continuity of displacements and tractions at the interface. All 13 elastic constants and 4 thermal expansion coefficients are determined. Numerical results are compared to other models.
1. Garrett, K.W. and Bailey, J.E. (1977). Multiple transverse fracture in 90° cross-ply lamina of a glass fibre-reinforced polyester. Journal of Materials Science, 12: 157-168.
2.
2. Highsmith, A.L. and Reifsnider, K.L. (1982). Stiffness-reduction mechanism in composite laminates. In: Reifsnider, K.L. (ed.), Damage in Composite Materials, ASTM STP 775. American Society for Testing and Materials. pp. 103-117.
3.
3. Flaggs, D.L. (January 1985). Prediction of tensile matrix failure in composite laminates. Journal of Composite Materials, 19: 29-50.
4.
4. Ogin, S.L., Smith, P.A. and Beaumont, P.W.R. (1985). Matrix cracking and stiffness reduction during the fatigue of a (0/90)S GFRP laminate. Composite Science and Technology, 22(1): 23-31.
5.
5. Nuismer, R.J. and Tan, S.C. (April 1988). Constitutive relations of a cracked composite lamina. Journal of Composite Materials, 22: 306-321.
6.
6. Han, Y.M., Hahn, H.T. and Croman, R.B. (1988). A simplified analysis of ply cracking in cross-ply laminates. Composite Science and Technology, 31(3): 165-177.
7.
7. Lim, S.G. and Hong, C.S. (1989). Prediction of Transverse Cracking and Stiffness Reduction in Cross-Ply Laminated Composites. Journal of Composite Materials, 23(7)(July): 695-713.
8.
8. Han, Y.M. and Hahn, H.T. (1989). Ply cracking and ply degradations of symmetric balanced laminates under general in plane loading. Composite Science and Technology, 35(3): 377-397.
9.
9. Lee, J.W. and Daniel, I.M. (November 1990). Progressive Transverse Cracking of Crossply Composite Laminates. Journal of Composite Materials, 24: 1225-1242.
10.
10. Tsai, C.L. and Daniel, I.M. (1992). The behavior of cross-ply composite laminates under shear loading. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 29: 3251-3267.
11.
11. Zhang, J., Fan, J. and Soutis, C. (1992). Analysis of multiple matrix cracking in [±θm/90°n]s composite laminates. Composites, 23(5): 291-298
12.
12. Fan, Jinghong and Junquian Zhang. (1993). In-situ damage evolution and micro/macro transition in laminated composites. Composites Science and Technology, 47: 107-118.
13.
13. Dvorak, G.J., Norman Laws and Mehdi Hejazi. (May 1985). Analysis of progressive matrix cracking in composite laminates I. Thermoelastic properties of a ply with cracks. Journal of Composite Materials, 19(3): 216-234.
14.
14. Hashin, Z. (1985). Analysis of cracked laminates: a variational approach. Mechanics of Materials, 4: 121-136.
15.
15. Hashin, Z. (1987). Analysis of orthogonally cracked laminates under tension. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 54: 872-879.
16.
16. Hashin, Z. (1988). Thermal expansion coefficients of cracked laminates. Composite Science and Technology, 31: 247-260.
17.
17. Joffe, R. and Varna, J. (1999). Analytical modeling of stiffness reduction in symmetric and balanced laminates due to cracks in the 90° layers. Composite Science and Technology, 59(11): 1641-1652.
18.
18. Nairn, J.A. (1995). Some new variational mechanics results on composite microcracking. In: Proceedings of ICCM-10, Vol. 1, pp. 423-430.
19.
19. McCartney, L.N. (1992). Theory of stress transfer in 0-90-0 cross-ply laminate containing a parallel array of transverse cracks. Journal of Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 40: 27-68.
20.
20. McCartney, L.N. (1993). The prediction of cracking in biaxially loaded cross-ply laminates having brittle matrices. Composites, 24(2): 27-68.
21.
21. McCartney, L.N. (1998). Predicting transverse crack formation in cross-ply laminates. Composite Science and Technology, 58: 1069-1081.
22.
22. Reissner, E. (1950). On a variational theorem in elasticity. Journal of Mathematics and Physics, 29: 90-95.
23.
23. Takeda, N., McCartney, L.N. and Ogihara, S. (2000). The application of a ply-refinement technique to the analysis of microscopic deformation in interlaminar-toughened laminates with transverse cracks. Composite Science and Technology, 60: 231-240.
24.
24. Pagano, N.J. (1978). Stress fields in composite laminates. InternationalJournal of Solids and Structures, 14: 385-400.
25.
25. Whitney, J.M. (2000). Effective elastic constants of bidirectional laminates containing transverse ply cracks. Journal of Composite Materials, 34(11): 954-978.
26.
26. Schoeppner, G.A. and Pagano, N.J. (1998). Stress fields and energy release rates in cross-ply laminates. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 35(11): 385-400.
27.
27. Pagano, N.J. and Soni, S.R. (1983). Global-local variational model. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 19(3): 207-228.
28.
28. Whitney, J.M. (2001). Effective thermo-elastic constants of angle-ply laminates containing 90 degree ply cracks. Journal of Composite Materials, in press.
29.
29. Tao, J.X. and Sun, C.T. (1996). Effect of matrix cracking on stiffness of composite lamina. Mechanics of Composite Materials and Structures, 3: 225-239.
30.
30. Yuan, F.G. and Selek, M.C. (1993). Transverse cracking and stiffness reduction in composite laminates. Journal of Composite Materials, 12(9): 987-1015.
31.
31. Tong, J., Guild, F.J., Ogin, S.L. and Smith, P.A. (1997). On matrix crack growth in quasi-isotropic laminates-II. Finite element analysis. Composite Science and Technology, 57: 1537-1545.
32.
32. Yu, Hua, Wang Xingguo, Li Zhengneng and He Qingzhi Xingguo. (November 1996). Property degradation of anisotropic composite laminates with matrix cracking. Part I: Development of constitutive relations for [δm/90n]s cracked laminates by stiffness partition. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 15: 1149-1160.
33.
33. Zhang, J. and Herrmann, K.P. (1999). Stiffness degradation induced by multilayer interlaminar cracking in composite laminates. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 30: 683-706.
34.
34. Adolfsson, E. and Gudmundson, P. (1995). Matrix cracked induced stiffness reductions in [(θm/90n/θp/-θq)s]m composite laminates. Composites Engineering, 5(1): 107-123.
35.
35. McCartney, L.N. (2000). Model to predict effects of triaxial loading on ply cracking in general symmetric laminates. Composite Science and Technology, 60(12-13): 2255-2279.
36.
36. Pagano, N.J. (1974). Exact moduli of anisotropic laminates. In: Broutman, L.J. and Krock, K.H. (eds.), Composite Materials. In: Sendeckyji, G.P. (ed.), Mechanics of Composite Materials, Vol. 2, pp. 23-44.
