Understanding Schizophrenia: The Impact of Novel Antipsychotics

Heniker P. From chlorpromazine to tardive dyskinesia (brief history of the neuroleptics). Psychiatr J Univ Ottawa 1989; 14: 253–259.

Seeman P. Dopamine receptor sequences: therapeutic levels of neuroleptics occupy D₂ receptors, clozapine occupies D₄. Neuropsychopharmacology 1992; 7: 261–284.

Levinson D.F. Pharmacologic treatment of schizophrenia. Clin Ther 1991; 13: 326–352.

Naber D. , Hippius H. The European experience with use of clozapine. Hosp Commun Psychiatry 1990; 41: 886–890.

Coward D.M. General pharmacology of clozapine. Br J Psychiatry 1992; 160(17 Suppl): 5S–11S.

Kane J. , Honigfeld G. , Singer J. Clozapine for the treatment-resistant schizophrenic. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1988; 45: 789–796.

Casey D.E. Clozapine: neuroleptic-induced EPS and tardive dyskinesia. Psychopharmacology 1989; 99 Suppl: 49–53.

Chouinard G. , Jones B. , Remington G. A Canadian multicenter placebo-controlled study of fixed doses of risperidone and haloperidol in the treatment of chronic schizophrenic patients. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1993; 13: 25–40.

Marder S.R. , Meibach R.C. Risperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1994; 151: 825–835.

Kohler C. , Hall H. , Magnusson O , Biochemical pharmacology of the atypical neuroleptic remoxipride. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1990; 82(358 Suppl): 27S–36S.

Ontario Medical Association's Committee on Drugs and Pharmacotherapy. Roxiam (remoxipride). The Drug Report 1993; 44:3.

Kirch D.G. , Keith S.J. , Matthews S.M. Research on first-episode psychosis: report on a National Institute of Mental Health Workshop. Schizophr Bull 1992; 18: 179–184.

Keshaven M.S. , Schooler N.R. First-episode studies in schizophrenia: criteria and characterization. Schizophr Bull 1992; 18: 491–513.

Baldessarini R.J. , Katz B. , Cotton P. Dissimilar dosing with high-potency and low-potency neuroleptics. Am J Psychiatry 1984; 141: 748–752.

Baldessarini R.J. , Cohen B.M. , Teicher M.H. Significance of neuroleptic dose and plasma levels in the pharmacological treatment of psychoses. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1988; 45: 79–91.

Bollini P. , Pampallona S. , Orza M.J. Antipsychotic drugs: is more worse? A meta-analysis of the published randomized control trials. Br J Psychiatry 1994; 24: 307–316.

Koreen A.R. , Lieberman J. , Alvir J. Relation of plasma fluphenazine levels in treatment response and extrapyramidal side effects in first-episode schizophrenic patients. Am J Psychiatry 1994; 151: 35–39.

Casey D.E. “Neuroleptic drug-induced extrapyramidal syndromes and tardive dyskinesia. Schizophr Res 1991; 4: 109–120.

Barnes T.R.E. Movement disorder associated with antipsychotic drugs: the tardive syndromes. Int Rev Psychiatr 1990; 2: 355–366.

Glazer W.M. , Kane J.M. Depot neuroleptic therapy: an underutilized treatment option. J Clin Psychiatry 1992; 53: 426–433.

Farde L. , Nordström A-L. , PET analysis indicates atypical central dopamine receptor occupancy in clozapine treated patients. Br J Psychiatry 1992; 160(17 Suppl): 30S–33S.

Chouinard G. , Annable L. , Ross-Chouinard A. A 5-year prospective longitudinal study of tardive dyskinesia: factors predicting appearance of new cases. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1988; 8 Suppl: 21–26.

Andrew H.G. Clinical relationship of extrapyramidal symptoms and tardive dyskinesia. Can J Psychiatry 1994; 39(2 Suppl): 76S–80S.

Martin R.L. , Cloninger C.R. , Guze S.B. Frequency and differential diagnosis of depressive syndromes in schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry 1985; 46: 9–13.

Bartels S.J. , Drake R.E. Depressive symptoms in schizophrenia: comprehensive differential diagnosis. Compr Psychiatry 1988; 29: 467–483.

Donlon P.T. , Rada R.T. , Arora K.K. Depression and the reintegration phase of acute schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1976; 133: 1265–1268.

House A. , Bostock J. , Cooper J. Depressive syndromes in the year following onset of a first episode schizophrenic illness. Br J Psychiatry 1987; 51: 773–779.

Kramer M.S. , Vogel W.H. , Di Johnson C. Antidepressants in depressed schizophrenic inpatients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1989; 46: 922–928.

Siris S.G. , Adan F. , Cohen M. Targeted treatment of depressive-like symptoms in schizophrenia. Psychopharm Bull 1987; 23: 85–89.

Hogarty G.E. , McEvoy J.P. , Ulrich R.F. Pharmacotherapy of impaired affect in recovering schizophrenic patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995; 52: 29–41.

Carpenter W.T. Jr , Heinrichs D.W. , Wagman A.M.I. Deficit and nondeficit forms of schizophrenia: the concept. Am J Psychiatry 1988; 145: 578–583.

Carpenter W.T. Jr. Serotonin-dopamine antagonists and treatment of negative symptoms. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1995; 15(1 Suppl): 30S–35S.

Miller D.D. , Perry P.J. , Cadoret R.J. Clozapine's effect on negative symptoms in treatment refractory schizophrenia. Compr Psychiatry 1994; 35: 8–15.

Lieberman J.A. , Saffemman A.Z. , Pollack S. Clinical effects of clozapine in chronic schizophrenia: response to treatment and predictors of outcome. Am J Psychiatry 1994; 151: 1744–1752.

Heinrichs D.W. , Hanion T.E. , Carpenter W.T. Jr. The Quality-of-Life Scale: an instrument for rating the schizophrenic deficit syndrome. Schizophr Bull 1984; 10: 388–398.

Awad A.G. Quality of life of schizophrenic patients on medications and implications for new drug trials. Hosp Commun Psychiatry 1992; 43: 262–265.

Kenny J.T. , Friedman L. , Ubogy D. Differential effect of clozapine on psychopathology and cognitive dysfunction in treatment-resistant schizophrenics. Schizophr Res 1991; 4: 386–387.

Kenny J.T. , Meltzer H.Y. Effect of atypical and typical antipsychotic drugs on neuropsychological functions in early stage schizophrenic patients. Schizophr Res 1992; 6: 162.

Williams R. , Bailie P. , Dickson R.A. Cognitive and behavioral efficacy of clozapine in clinical trials. Can J Psychiatry 1993; 38: 522.