Kleine-Levin syndrome is a characterized by a periodic hypersomnia crisis as well as dietary and variable significant psychic symptoms. Its rarity makes its definition and study complex. Many etiologies have been considered, especially regarding a hypothalamic dysfunction. Physiological, radio-logic, anatomical and Polysomnographic studies have not shown clearly conclusive results, but the syndrome appears to be related to affective disorders. This hypothesis is supported by the findings of a positive therapeutic response to lithium. However, we are interested in the related psychological factors, whether they are primary or secondary. A clinical case illustrates these factors, and a basic neuropsychiatric intervention concept is proposed.
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