Survey studies have pinpointed high concordance rates between affective disorder and premenstrual depression. This relationship was investigated in women with a history of both disorders. Sixteen subjects rated symptoms daily during one menstrual cycle, and were assessed on measures of mood and selective attention pre– and postmenstrually. Prospective ratings confirmed premenstrual depression in only eight of the subjects. These subjects demonstrated a significant premenstrual elevation in dysphoric affect, yet exhibited a dysphoric attentional bias both pre– and postmenstrually. These data do not suggest an interactive relationship between affective disorder and premenstrual depression along the particular cognitive dimension of study.
References
1.
BenedekT, RubensteinBB. The correlations between ovarian activity and psychodynamic processes: II. The menstrual phase. Psychosom Med1939; 1: 461–485.
2.
CoppenA, KesselN.Menstruation and personality. Br J Psychiatry1963; 109: 711–721.
3.
Roy-ByrnePP, HobanMC, RubinowDR. The relationship of menstrually related mood disorders to psychiatric disorders. Clin Obstet Gynecol1987; 30: 386–395.
4.
CullbergJ.Mood changes and menstrual symptoms with different gestagen/estrogen combinations. Acta Psychiatr Scand1972; 236: 1–86.
5.
SteinerM, HaskettRF, OsmunJN, Treatment of premenstrual tension with lithium carbonate. Acta Psychiatr Scand1980; 61: 103–110.
HurtSW, FriedmanRC, ClarkinJ. Psychopathology and the menstrual cycle. In: FriedmanR, ed. Behavior and the menstrual cycle.New York: Marcel Dekker, 1982.
11.
KashiwagiT, McClureJN, WetzelRD. Premenstrual affective syndrome and psychiatric disorder. Dis Nerv Syst1976; 37: 116–119.
12.
HalbreichU, EndicottJ.Relationship of dysphoric premenstrual changes to depressive disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand1985; 71: 331–338.
13.
EndicottJ, HalbreichU.Retrospective report of premenstrual changes: factors affecting confirmation by daily ratings. Psychopharmacol Bull1982; 18: 109–112.
14.
RubinowDR, Roy-ByrneP, HobanC, Prospective assessment of menstrually related mood disorders. Am J Psychiatry1984; 141: 684–686.
15.
DeJongR, RubinowDR, Roy-ByrneP, Premenstrual and mood disorder and psychiatric illness. Am J Psychiatry1985; 142: 1359–1361.
EndicottJ, NeeJ, CohenJ, Premenstrual changes: patterns and correlates of daily ratings. J Affect Discord1986; 10: 127–135.
23.
BeckAT. Depression: causes and treatment.Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1967.
24.
EavesG, RushAJ. Cognitive patterns in symptomatic and remitted unipolar major depression. J Abnorm Psychol1984; 93: 31–40.
25.
HamiltonEW, AbramsonLY. Cognitive patterns and major depressive disorder: a logitudinal study in a hospital setting. J Abnorm Psychol1983; 92: 173–184.
26.
SilvermanJS, SilvermanJA, EardleyDA. Do maladaptive attitudes cause depression?Arch Gen Psychiatry1984; 41: 28–30.
27.
HaskettRF, SteinerM, OsmunJ, Severe premenstrual tension: delineation of the syndrome. Biol Psychiatry1980; 15: 121–139.
28.
SpitzerRL, EndicottJ.Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia — lifetime version. New York: New York State Psychiatric Institute, Biometrics Research, 1975.
29.
Deleon-JonesFA, ValE, HertsC.MHPG excretion and lithium treatment during premenstrual tension syndrome: a case report. Am J Psychiatry1982; 139: 950–952.
30.
SteinerM, HaskettRF, OsmunJN, Treatment of premenstrual tension with lithium carbonate. Acta Psychiatr Scand1980; 61; 103–110.
31.
StoutAL, SteegeJF, BlazerDG, Comparison of lifetime psychiatric diagnoses in premenstrual syndrome clinic and community samples. J Nerv Ment Dis1986; 174: 517–522.
32.
Roy-ByrnePP, RubinowDR, HobanMC, Premenstrual changes: a comparison of five populations. Psychiatr Res1986; 17: 77–85.
33.
GhadirianAM, KamarajuLS. Premenstrual mood changes in affective disorders. Can Med Assoc J1987; 136: 1027–1032.
34.
StoneMH. Premenstrual tension in borderline and related disorders. In: FriedmanR, ed. Behavior and the Menstrual Cycle.New York: Marcel Dekker, 1982.
35.
Roy-ByrneP, RubinowDR, GoldPW, Possible antidepressant effect of oral contraceptives: case report. J Clin Psychiatry1984; 45: 350–352.
