Preparation for treatment, group process and time boundaries are presented as components of a treatment model designed to respond to specific problems inherent in the nature of borderline personality disorder. A pilot study of the proposed treatment model is underway and one case illustration from this study is described to illustrate the adaptation to this treatment of a borderline patient with an extensive prior history of individual treatment.
References
1.
GundersonJGBorderline personality disorder.Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Press,1984.
2.
SoloffPHConcurrent validation of a diagnostic interview for borderline patients.Am J Psychiatry1981; 138: 691–693.
3.
PerryCJ, KlermanGLClinical features of the borderline personality disorder.Am J Psychiatry1980; 137: 165–173.
4.
SpitzerRL, EndicottJJustification for separating schizotypal and borderline personality disorders.Schizophr Bull1979; 5: 95–104.
5.
GundersonJG, KolbJEDiscriminating features of borderline patients.Am J Psychiatry1978; 135: 792–796.
6.
FroschJCurrent perspectives on personality disorders.Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press,1983.
7.
MastersonJFPsychotherapy of the borderline adult.New York: Brunner/Mazel,1976.
8.
KernbergOBorderline conditions and pathological narcissism.New York: Jason Aronson,1975.
9.
RobbinsLThe psychotherapy research project of the Menninger Foundation, I: Orientation.Bull Menninger Clin1956; 20: 223–225.
10.
SargentJThe psychotherapy research project of the Menninger Foundation: II. Rationale.Bull Menninger Clin1956a; 20: 226–233.
11.
SargentJThe psychotherapy research project of the Menninger Foundation, III: Design.Bull Menninger Clin1956b; 20: 234–238.
12.
WaldingerR, GundersonJCompleted psychotherapies with borderline patients.Am J Psychother1984; 38: 190–202.
13.
WerbleBSecond follow-up of borderline patients.Arch Gen Psychiatry1970; 23: 3–7.
14.
McGlashenTThe borderline syndrome. I: testing three diagnostic systems for borderlines.Arch Gen Psychiatry1983a; 40: 1311–1318.
15.
McGlashenTThe borderline syndrome.II: is borderline a variant of schizophrenia or affective disorder?1983b; 40: 1319–1323.
16.
PopeMG, JonasJM, HudsonJL, CohenBM, GundersonJGThe validity of DSM-III borderline personality disorder.Arch Gen Psychiatry1983; 40: 23–30.
17.
GundersonJG, SingerMTDefining borderline patients: an overview.Am J Psychiatry1975; 132: 1–10.
18.
HurtSW, HylerSE, FrancesA, ClarkinJF, BrentRAssessing borderline personality disorder with self-report, clinical interview, or semistructuredd interview.Am J Psychiatry1984; 141: 1228–1231.
19.
FrancesA, ClarkinJM, GilmoreM, HurtSW, BrownRReliability of criteria for borderline personality disorder: a comparison of DSM-III and the diagnostic interview for borderline patients.Am J Psychiatry1984; 141: (9)1080–1084.
20.
GundersonJG, ElliottGRThe interface between borderline personality disorder and affective disorder.Am J Psychiatry1985; 142(3): 277–288.
21.
PerryCJDepression in borderline personality disorder: lifetime prevalence at interview and longitudinal course symptoms.Am J Psychiatry1985; 142(1): 15–21.
22.
Diagnostic and statistical manual, third edition: Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association,1980.
23.
LorangerAW, OldhamJM, RussakoffLM, SusmanVStructured interviews and borderline personality disorder.Arch Gen Psychiatry1984; 41: 565–568.
24.
HylerS, RiederR, SpitzerRPersonality diagnostic questionnaire (PDQ).New York: New York State Psychiatric Institute,1978.
GundersonJGEmpirical studies of the borderline diagnosis. In: GrinspoonL ed. Psychiatry 1982.Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press,1982b: 414–437.
27.
AkiskalHSSubaffective disorders: dysthymic, cyclothymic and biopolar II disorders in the borderline realm.Psychiatr Clin North Amer1981; 4: 25–46.
28.
LinksPThe existence of the borderline diagnosis: studies on diagnostic validity.Can J Psychiatry1982; 27(7): 585–592.
29.
FrankA, GundersonJMatching therapists and milieus: effects on engagement and continuance in psychotherapy.Psychiatry1984; 47: 201–210.
30.
MacaskillNThe narcissistic core as a focus in the group therapy of the borderline patient.Br J Med Psychol1980; 53: 137–143.
31.
StruppH, BloxomAPreparing lower-class patients for group psychotherapy.J Consult Clin Psychol1973; 41: 373–384.
32.
OrneM, WenderPAnticipatory socialization for psychotherapy: method and rationale.Am J Psychiatry1968; 124: 88–98.
33.
SloaneR, GristolA, PepernickMRole preparation and expectancy of improvement in psychotherapy.J Nerv Ment Dis1970; 150: 18–25.
34.
PiperWE, DebbaneEG, GarantJ, BienviewJPPreparing for group psychotherapy.Arch Gen Psychiatry1979; 36: 1250–1256.
35.
JacobsMK, TriekOL, WitherstyDPreparing psychiatric in-patients for participation in group pscyhotherapy.Psychother Res Prac1976; 13: 361–367.
36.
GauronEF, RawlingsEIA procedure for orienting new members to group psychotherapy.Small Group Behav1975; 6: 293–297.
37.
HorwitzLGroup psychotherapy for borderline and narcissistic patients.Bull Menninger Clin1980; 4: 181–299.
38.
StoneWV, GustafsonJPTechnique in group psychotherapy of narcissistic and borderline patients.Int J Group Psychother1982; 32(1): 29–47.
39.
SchreterRKTreating the untreatables: group experience with somaticizing borderline patients.Int J Psychiatry1981: 10(3): 205–215.
40.
MacaskillNTherapeutic factors in group therapy with borderline patients.Int J Group Psychother1982; 32: 61–73.
41.
ObermanEThe use of time-limited relationship therapy with borderline patients.Smith College Stud Soc Work1967; (February): 69–74.
42.
LeemanCP, MulveyCHBrief psychotherapy of the dependent personality specific techniques.Psychother Psychosom1975; 24: 36–42.
43.
LeibovichMAWhy short-term psychotherapy for borderlines?Psychother Psychosom1983; 39: 1–9.
44.
BellakL, SmallLEmergency psychotherapy and brief psychotherapy, second edition.New York: Grune and Stratton,1977.
45.
KrupnickJBrief therapy with vulnerable patients. Paper presented at Symposium on Brief Psychotherapy, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, 1980.
46.
DerogatisLR, ClearyPAConfirmation of the dimensional structure of the SCL-90: a study in construct validation.J Clin Psychol1977; 33: 981–989.
47.
WeissmanM, BothwellSAssessment of social adjustment by patient self-report.Arch Gen Psychiatry1976; 33: 1111–1115.
48.
BattleCC, ImberSD, Hoehn-SaricR, StoneAR, NashER, FrankJDTarget complaints as criteria of improvement.Am J Psychother1966; 20: 184–192.
49.
SilbergeldS, KoenigGR, ManderscheidRW, MeeherBF, HornungCAAssessment of environment — therapy systems: the group atmosphere scale.J Consult Clin Psychol1975; 43: 460–469.