This paper was prepared by the Scientific Council chaired by Dr. D.J. McClure and approved by the Board of Directors of the Canadian Psychiatric Association in June 1985.
References
1.
ShugarG.Response of the Ontario Medical Association Section of Psychiatry to the Ontario Medical Association about Ontario Ministry of Health proposals to limit psychotherapy benefits,1976.
2.
BerginA.E.Further comments on psychotherapy research for therapeutic practice.Int J Psychiatry1967; 3: 317–323.
3.
HerinkR., ed. The psychotherapy, handbook: the A to Z guide to more than 250 different therapies in use today.New York: New American Library (Meridian),1980.
4.
LesserA.L.Psychotherapy, benefits and costs.Psychiatric Journal of the University of Ottawa1979; 4: 191–196.
5.
BrodieH.K.Presidential Address: Psychiatry - its locus and its future.Am J Psychiatry1983; 140: 965–968.
6.
RushA.J.Personal Communication, 1983.
7.
KarasuT.B.Psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy: toward an integrative model.Am J Psychiatry1982; 139: 1102–1113.
8.
KlermanG.L.Combining drugs and psychotherapy in the treatment of depression. In: GreenblattM., ed. Drugs in combination with other therapies.New York: Grune & Stratton, 1975.
9.
HogartyG., GoldbergS., SchoolerN.Drug and sociotherapy in the aftercare of schizophrenic patients.Arch Gen Psychiatry1974; 31: 609–621.
10.
HogartyG., GoldbergS., SchoolerN.Drugs and sociotherapy in the aftercare of schizophrenia: a review. In: GreenblattM., ed. Drugs in combination with other therapies.New York: Grune & Stratton, 1975.
11.
HogartyG., UlrichR., GoldbergS.Sociotherapy and the prevention of relapse among schizophrenic patients. In SpitzerR.L., KleinD.F., eds. Evaluation of psychological therapies.Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976.
12.
MayP.Treatment of schizophrenia.New York: Science House,1968.
13.
SchoolerN.Antipsychotic drugs and psychological treatment in schizophrenia. In: LiptonM.A., MascioA.D., KillamK.F., eds. Psychopharmacology: a generation of progress.New York: Raven Press, 1978.
14.
WeissmanM., KlermanG., PaykelE.Treatment effects on the social adjustment of depressed patients.Arch Gen Psychiatry1974; 30: 771–778.
15.
ExteinI., BowersM.B.Jr.State and trait in psychiatric practice.Am J Psychiatry1979; 136: 690–693.
16.
RushA.J., BeckA.T., KovacsM.Comparative efficacy of cognitive therapy and pharmacotherapy in the treatment of depressed patients.Cognitive Therapy and Research1977; 1: 17–37.
17.
GordonJ., IngimundsonJ., WeinermanR.Validation of psychotherapy as a medical treatment modality: Manitoba Psychiatric Association Position Paper, Winnipeg, 1983.
18.
EysenckH.J.The effects of psychotherapy: an evaluation.J Consult Psychol1952; 16: 319–324.
19.
BerginA.E.The effects of psychotherapy: negative results revisited.Journal of Counselling Psychology1963; 10: 244–250.
20.
GarfieldS.L.Psychotherapy: a 40 year appraisal.Am Psychol1981; 36: 174–183.
21.
MeltzoffJ., KornreichM.Research in psychotherapy.New York: Atherton Press,1970.
22.
MalanD.H.The outcome problem in psychotherapy research.Arch Gen Psychiatry1973; 29: 719–729.
23.
LuborskyL., SingerB., LuborskyL.Comparative studies of psychotherapies.Is it true that “everyone has won and all must have prizes?” Arch Gen Psychiatry1975; 32: 995–1008.
24.
BerginA.E., LambertM.The evaluation of therapeutic outcomes. In: GarfieldS.L., BerginA.E., eds. Handbook of psychotherapy and behaviour change: an empirical analysis (2nd ed.).New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1978.
25.
KazdinA.E., WilsonG.T.Evaluation of behaviour therapy: issues, evidence and research strategies.Cambridge, Mass.: Ballinger Publishing Company, 1978.
26.
ParloffM.B.Psychotherapy research evidence and reimbursement decisions: Bambi meets Godzilla.Am J Psychiatry1982; 139: 718–727.
27.
SmithM.L., GlassG.V., MillerT.I.The benefits of psychotherapy.Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1980.
28.
American Psychiatric Association Commission on Psychotherapies.Psychotherapy Research — Methodological and Efficacy Issues.American Psychiatric Association, 1982.
29.
FrankJ.D.The present status of outcome studies.J Consult Clin Psychol1979; 47: 310–316.
30.
KlermanG.L.The efficacy of psychotherapy as the basis for public policy.To Appear in American Psychologist1983, Special Issue.
31.
American Psychiatric Association Commission on Psychiatric Therapies Working Paper, 1983.
32.
HineF.R., WermanD.S., SimpsonD.S.Effectiveness of psychotherapy: problems of research on complex phenomena.Am J Psychiatry1982; 139: 204–207.
33.
KandelE.R.From metapsychology to molecular biology: explorations into the nature of anxiety.Am J Psychiatry1983; 140: 1277–1293.
