The use of the dexamethasone suppression test in a general hospital setting is discussed with a review of some of the literature pertaining to the test. The test was performed on a series of 47 patients where there was a high index of suspicion that depression was present. Of the patients with a final diagnosis of depression, 77% had a nonsuppressive DST. There were no false positives. Bipolar depressed patients were more likely to be nonsuppressors than unipolar patients.
References
1.
LiddleG.W.Tests of pituitary-adrenal suppressibility in the diagnosis of Cushing's Syndrome.J Clin Endocrinol Metab1960; 20: 1539–1960.
2.
StokesP.E.Studies on the control of adrenocortical function in depression. In: WilliamsT.A., KatzM., SheildJ.A., eds. Recent advances in the psychobiology of the depressive illnesses.Washington, D.C: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1972.
3.
CarrollB.J., MartinF.I.R., DaviesB.M.Resistance to suppression by dexamethasone of plasma II — OHCS levels in severe depressive illness.Br Med J1968; 3: 285–287.
4.
ButlerP.W.P., BesserG.M.Pituitary-adrenal function in severe depressive illness.Lancet1968; 2: 1234–1236.
5.
FawcettJ.A., BunneyW.E.Pituitary-adrenal function and depression: An outline for research.Arch Gen Psychiatry1967; 16: 517–535.
6.
NelsonJ.C., CharneyD.S.Primary affective disorder criteria and the endogenous reactive distinction.Arch Gen Psychiatry1980; 37: 787–793.
7.
Flor-HenryP.Hemispheric laterality and disorders of affect. In: Cerebral basis of psychopathology.Littleton: John Wright, 1983.
8.
CarrollB.J.Biologic markers and treatment response.J Clin Psychiatry1983; 44(8 Sec. b): 30–40.
SaccharE.J., AsnisG., HalbriechV.. Recent studies in the neuroendocrinology of major depressive disorders.Psychiatr Clin North America1980; 3: 313–326.
11.
SaccharE.J., AsnisG., NathanS.. Dextroamphetamine and Cortisol in depression, morning plasma Cortisol suppressed.Arch Gen Psychiatry1980; 37: 755–757.
12.
CarrollB.J., FernbergM., GredenJ.F.. A specific laboratory test for the diagnosis of melancholia: standardization, validation and clinical utility.Arch Gen Psychiatry1981; 38: 15–22.
13.
SchlesserM.A., WinokurG., ShermanB.M.Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in depressive illness.Arch Gen Psychiatry1980; 37: 737–743.
14.
BrownW.A., ShueyI.Response to dexamethasone and subtype of depression.Arch Gen Psychiatry1980; 37: 747–751.
15.
DottiA., BersaniG., NoceraF.Dexamethasone suppression test as factor of differential diagnosis in endogenous depression.Proceedings of the International Society of Psychoneuroendocrinology XI International Congress, Florence (Italy), Abstract, 1980.
16.
SaccharE.J., HellmanL., RoffwargH.. Disrupted 24 hour patterns of Cortisol secretion of psychotic depression.Arch Gen Psychiatry1973; 28: 19–24.
17.
AlbalaA.A., GredenJ.F., TarikaJ.. Changes in serial dexamethasone suppression tests among unipolar depressives receiving ECT.Biol Psychiatry1981; 16: 551–560.
18.
FraserA.Choice of antidepressant based on the dexamethasone suppression test.Am J Psychiatry1983; 140(6): 786–787.
19.
NemeroffC., EvansD.Relation between the dexamethasone suppression test in depressed patients and clinical response.Am J Psychiatry1984; 141(2):
20.
TargumS., RosenL., CapodannoM.L.A.The dexamethasone suppression test in suicidal patients with unipolar depression.Am J Psychiatry1983; 140(7): 877–879.
21.
CoryellW., SchlesserM.Suicide and the dexamethasone suppression test in unipolar depression.Am J Psychiatry1981; 138(8): 1120–1121.
22.
GredenJ., CarrollB.J.The dexamethasone suppression test as a diagnostic aid in catatonia.Am J Psychiatry1979; 136(9): 1199–1220.
23.
CarmanJ.S., HallK., WyattE.S.. Dexamethasone non-suppression: predictor of thymoleptic response in catatonic and schizo-affective patients.Society of Biological Psychiatry Scientific Proceedings, Abstract 4, 1980.
24.
WellerE., WellerR., FristadM.. The dexamethasone suppression test in hospitalized prepubertal depressed children.Am J Psychiatry1984; 141(2): 290–291.
25.
TargumS., ChastekC., SullivanA.Dexamethasone suppression test in prepubertal conduct disorder.Psychiatr Res1981; 5: 107–108.
26.
PoznanskiE., CarrollB.J., BanegasM.. The dexamethasone suppression test in prepubertal depressed children.Am J Psychiatry1982; 139(3): 321–322.
27.
EvansD.L., HsiasoJ.K.., NemeroffC.B.Munchausen Syndrome, depression and the dexamethasone suppression test.Am J Psychiatry1984; 141(4): 570–571.
28.
CarrollB.J., GredenJ.F., FeinbergM.. Neuroendocrine evaluation of depression in borderline patients.Psychiat Clin North America1981; 4: 89–99.
29.
GelenbergA.J., ed. The DST in even greater perspective, biological therapies in psychiatry. Vol. 7, No. 1, 1984.
CarrollB.J.The dexamethasone suppression test for melancholia.Br J Psychiatry1982; 140: 292–304.
32.
CarrollB.J.Dexamethasone suppression test: a review of contemporary confusion.J Clin Psychiatry1985; 46(2, Sec. 2): 13–24.
33.
SchatzbergA.F., RothschildA.J., StahlJ.B.. The dexamethasone suppression test: identification of subtypes of depression.Am J Psychiatry1983; 140: 88–91.
34.
CarrollB.J., GredenJ.F.Fernberg. Mental neuroendocrine dysfunction in genetic subtypes of primary unipolar depression.Psychiatr Res1980; 2: 251.
35.
RudorferM., HwuHai-Gwo, ClaytonP.Dexamethasone suppression test in primary depression: significance of family history and psychosis.Biol Psychiatry1982; 17: 41.