In a matched controlled study 72 Canadian patients with a major depressive episode were compared with non-depressed and never depressed orthopedic patients. Significantly more of the depressives had parental loss before 17 years of age, a poor marriage before the onset of depression and a family history of depression.
References
1.
BrownG.W., HarrisT.Social origins of depression.London: Tavistock, 1978.
2.
BrownG.W., BhrolchainM.N., HarrisT.Social class and psychiatric disturbance among women in an urban population.Sociology1975; 9: 225–54.
3.
RoyA.Vulnerability factors and depression in men.Br J Psychiatry1981; 138: 75–7.
4.
RoyA.Risk factors and depression in Canadian women.J Affective Disorders1981; 3: 65–70.
5.
Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders.American Psychiatric Association, 1980, Washington, D.C.
6.
HamiltonM.A rating scale for depression. J.Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat1960; 23: 56–62.
7.
GoldbergD.P.The detection of psychiatric illness by questionnaire.London: Oxford University Press, 1972.
8.
QuintonD., RutterM., RowlandsO.An evaluation of an interview assessment of marriage.Psychol Med1976; 6: 577–86.
9.
GoldthorpeJ.H., HopeK.The social grading of occupations — a new approach and scale.London: Oxford University Press, 1974.
10.
TennantC., BebbingtonP.The social causation of depression: a critique of the work of Brown and his colleagues.Psychol Med1978; 8: 565–75.
11.
RoyA.Vulnerability factors and depression in women.Br J Psychiatry1978; 133: 106–10 and correction, 1979; 134: 552.
12.
BowlbyJ.Attachment and loss., Vol. III. Loss, sadness and depression.New York: Basic Books, 1980.
13.
RoyA.Role of past loss in depression.Arch Gen Psychiatry1981; 38: 301–2.
14.
BrownG., HarrisT., CopelandJ.Depression and loss.Br J Psychiatry1977; 130: 1–18.
15.
MendlewiczJ., FleissJ., CataldoM.Accuracy of the family history method in affective illness.Arch Gen Psychiatry1975; 32: 309–14.
16.
SlaterE.The neurotic constitution: a statistical study of two thousand neurotic soldiers.J Neurol Psychiatry1943; 6: 1–16.
17.
SlaterE., SlaterP.A heuristic theory of neurosis.J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry1944; 7: 49–55.
18.
ShieldsJ.Genetic factors in neurosis. In: van PraagH.M. ed. Research in neurosis.Utrecht, The Netherlands, Bohn, Scheltema and Holkeman, 1976.
19.
AkiskalH., BitarA., PruzantianV., RosenthalT., WalkerP.The nosological status of neurotic depression: a prospective three to four year follow up examination in light of the primary-secondary and unipolar-bipolar dichotomies.Arch Gen Psychiatry1978; 35: 756–66.
20.
AngstJ.Course of affective disorders. Chapter 5 In: PraagVan, LaderRafaelsen, and Sachar eds. Handbook of biological psychiatry, part IV, brain mechanisms and abnormal behaviour — chemistry.New York and Basel: Marcel Dekker, 1981.
21.
RoyA.Specificity of risk factors for depression.Am J Psychiatry1981; 138: 959–61.
