Psychiatric Surgery — 1935–1973

Beck E. , and Corsellis J. A. N. : Patholigical and anatomical aspects of orbital undercutting. Proc. R. Soc. Med., 53: 737–740, 1960.

Birley J. L. T. : Modified frontal leucotomy: A review of 106 cases. Br. J. Psychiatry 110: 211–221, 1964.

Board of Control of Great Britain: Prefrontal Leucotomy in 1,000 cases. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1947.

Bridges P. K. , and Goktepe E. O. : “A review of patients with obsessional symptoms treated by psychosurgery” In: Surgical Approaches In Psychiatry, Eds. Laitinen L. , and Livingston K. E. , 96–99. England, Medical and Technical Publishing Co. Ltd., 1973.

Burchkhardt G. : “Uber rindenexcisionen, als beitrag zur operativen therapie der psychosen” Allg. Z. Psychiat., 47: 463–548, 1890.

Choppy M. , Zimbacca N. , and Le Beau J. : “Psychological changes after selective frontal surgery (especially cingulotomy) and after stereotactic surgery of the basal ganglia” In: Surgical Approaches in Psychiatry Eds. Laitinen L. , and Livingston K. E. 174–181. England, Medical and Technical Publishing Co. Ltd., 1973.

Crow H. J. : Intracerebral polarisation and multifocal leucocoagulation in some psychiatric illnesses. Psychiat. Neurol. Neurochir. (Amst.) 76: 365–381, 1973.

Crow H. J. , Cooper R. , and Phillips D. G. : Controlled multifocal frontal leucotomy for psychiatric illness. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 24: 353–360, 1961.

Escobedo F. , Fernandez-Guardiola A. , and Solis G. : “Chronic stimulation of the cingulum in humans with behaviour disorders” In: Surgical Approaches in Psychiatry. Eds. Laitinen L. , and Livingston K. E. , 65–68, England, Medical and Technical Publishing Co. Ltd., 1973.

Freeman W. : Transorbital leucotomy. Lancet: 371–373, 1948.

Freeman W. , and Watts J. W. : Prefrontal lobotomy in agitated depression. Med. Ann. District Columbia, 5: 326–329, 1936.

Fulton J. F. : The frontal lobes and human behaviour Springfield, Illinois, Charles C. Thomas, 1–19, 1952.

Fulton J. F. , and Jacobsen C. F. : The functions of the frontal lobes, a comparative study in monkeys, chimpanzees and man. Advances in Mod. Biol. (Moscow), 4: 113–123, 1935.

Grantham E. G. : Frontal lobotomy for relief of intractable pain. Sth Surgeon, 16: 181–190, 1950.

Grantham E. G. : Prefrontal lobotomy for relief of pain. With a report of a new operative technique. J. Neurosurg. 8: 405–410, 1951.

Green J. R. , Duisberg R. E. H. , and McGrath W. B. : Orbitofrontal lobotomy with reference to effects on 55 psychotic patients. J. Neurosurg., 9: 579–587, 1952.

Greenblatt M. , and Solomon H. C. : Survey of nine years of lobotomy investigations. Am. J. Psychiatry, 109: 262–265, 1952.

Grey-Walter W. Appendix A in the Neurological Foundation of Psychiatry Eds. Smythies J. R. , Adey W. R. , Brady J. G. , and Walter W. G. , Oxford-Blackwell, 1966.

Heimberger R. F. : Personal communication, to Dr. L. T. Yeudall, 1972.

Heimberger R. F. , Whitlock C. C. , and Kalsbeck J. E. : Stereotaxic amygdalotomy for epilepsy with aggressive behaviour. JAMA, 198: 141–145, 1966.

Kelly D. H. W. , Walter C. J. S. , and Sargant W. : Modified leucotomy assesses by forearm blood flow and other measurements. Br. J. Psychiatry, 112: 871–881, 1966.

Kelly D. H. W. , Walter C. J. S. , Mitchell-Heggs N. , and Sargant W. : Modified leucotomy assessed clinically, physiologically and psychologically at six weeks and eighteen months. Br. J. Psychiat., 120: 19–29, 1972.

Kelly D. H. W. , Richardson A. , and Mitchell-Heggs N. : Technique and assessment of limbic leucotomy. In: Surgical Approaches in Psychiatry. Eds. Laitinen L. , and Livingston K. E. , 165–173. England, Medical and Technical Publishing Co. Ltd., 1973.

Kim Y. K. , and Umbach W. : “Combined stereotactic lesions for treatment of behaviour disorders and severe pain” In: Surgical Approaches in Psychiatry. Eds. Laitinen L. , and Livingston K. E. , 182–188. England, Medical and Technical Publishing Co. Ltd., 1973.

Kleist K. : “Kriegsverletzungen des Gehirns” quoted by P. M. Tow in Personality Changes Following Frontal Leucotomy, Oxford University Press, 1955.

Knight G. : Three-hundred and thirty cases of restricted orbital cortex undercutting. Proc. R. Soc. Med., 53: 728–732, 1960.

Knight G. : The orbital cortex as an objective in the surgical treatment of mental illness. The development of the stereotactic approach. Br. J. Surg., 51: 114–124, 1964.

Knight G. : Stereotactic tractotomy in the surgical treatment of mental illness. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 28: 304–310, 1965.

Knight G. : Bi-frontal stereotactotomy. Br. J. Psychiatry, 115: 257–266, 1969.

Knight G. : “Additional stereotactic lesions in the cingulum following failed tractotomy in the subcaudate region; In Surgical approaches in psychiatry. Eds. Laitinen L. , and Livingston K. E. , 101–110. England, Medical and Technical Publishing Co., Ltd., 1973.

Laitinen L. V. , and Vilkki J. : Observations on the transcallosal emotional connections In: Surgical Approaches in Psychiatry, Chapt. 10: 74–82. Eds. Laitinen L. , and Livingston K. E. , England, Medical and Technical Publishing Co. Ltd., 1973.

Lancet: “Psychosurgery”. Vol. II (7767), 69–70, 1972.

Le Beau J. : The cingular and precingular areas in psychosurgery (agitated behaviour, obsessive compulsive states, epilepsy). Acta. Psychiat. Neurol. Scand., 27: 305–316, 1952.

Le Beau J. : Anterior cingulectomy in man. J. Neurosurg., 11: 268–276, 1954.

Levinson F. , and Meyer V. : Personality changes in relation to psychiatric status following orbital cortex undercutting. Br. J. Psychiatry, 111: 207–218, 1965.

Lewin W. : “Selective leucotomy: A review” In: Surgical Approaches in Psychiatry. Eds. Laininen L. , and Livingston K. E. , 69–73. England, Medical and Technical Publishing Co. Ltd., 1973.

Lewin W. : Observations on selective leucotomy. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 24: 37–44, 1961.

Livingston K. E. : Cingulate cortex isolation for the treatment of psychoses and psychoneuroses. Ass. Res. Nerv. Ment. Dis., Proc., 1951, 31: 374–378, 1953.

Livingston K. E. : Neurosurgical aspects of primary affective disorders. Neurological Surgery, 3: 1881–1900, 1973.

McKenzie K. G. , and Kaczanowski G. : Prefrontal leucotomy: A five-year controlled study. Can. Med. Assoc. J., 91: 1193–1196, 1964.

McKissock W. : Rostral leucotomy. Lancet, 2: 91–94, 1951.

Mempel E. : Influence of partial amygdalectomy on emotional disturbances and epileptic seizures. Neurochir. Pol. 21: 81–86, 1971.

Meyer A. , and Beck E. : Prefrontal Leucotomy and Related Operations: Anatomical Aspects Of Success And Failure. Edinburgh, Oliver and Boyd, 1954.

Meyer G. , McElhaney M. , Martin W. , and McGraw C. P. : “Stereotactic cingulotomy with results of acute stimulation and serial psychological testing” In: Surgical Approaches in Psychiatry. Eds. Laitinen L. , and Livingston K. E. , 39–58. England, Medical and Technical Publishing Co. Ltd., 1973.

Moniz E. : Tentatives Operatoires Dans Le Traitement De Certaines Psychoses. Paris, Masson et Cie, 248, 1936.

Moniz E. : Prefrontal leucotomy in the treatment of mental disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry, 93: 1379–1385, 1937.

Moser H. M. : A ten year follow-up of lobotomy patients. Community Psychiatry, 20: 381, 1969.

Nádorník P. , Pogády J. , and Šramka M. : “The results of steroetactic treatment of the aggressive syndrome” In: Surgical Approaches in Psychiatry. Eds. Laitinen L. , and Livingston K. E. 125–128. England, Medical and Technical Publishing Co. Ltd., 1973.

Narabayashi H. , Nagao T. , Saito Y. , Yoshida M. , and Nagathata M. : Stereotaxic amygdalotomy for behaviour disorders. Arch. Neurol. 9: 1–16, 1963.

Narabayashi H. , and Shima F. : “Which is the better amygdala target, the medial or lateral nuclei?” In: Surgical Approaches in Psychiatry. Eds. Laitinen L. , and Livingston K. E. 129–134, England Medical and Technical Publishing Co. Ltd., 1973.

New York Times: Editorial: “Psychosurgery”, 18 March 1973.

Niemeyer P. : “Transventricular amygdala-hippocampectomy in temporal lobe epilepsy” In: Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, Edited by Baldwin M. , and Bailey P. , Springfield, Ill., Charles C. Thomas, 461–482, 1958.

Paul N. L. , Fitzgerald M. A. , and Greenblatt M. : Five-year follow-up of patients subjected to three different lobotomy procedures. JAMA, 161: 715–719, 1956.

Post F. , Rees W. L. , and Schurr P. H. : An evaluation of bimedial leucotomy. Br. J. Psychiatry, 114: 1223–1246, 1968.

Pribram K. H. , Mishkin M. , Rosvold E. H. , and Kaplan S. J. : Effects on delayed response performance of lesions of dorsolateral and ventromedial frontal cortex of baboons. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol, 45: 565–575, 1952.

Robin A. A. : A controlled study of the effects of leucotomy. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 12: 262–269, 1958.

Roeder F. , Muller D. , and Orthner H. : Stereotaxic treatment of psychoses and neuroses Berlin Symposium Special Topics in Stereotaxis Ed. Umbach W., 82–105, Stuttgart, Hippokrates Verlag, 1972.

Rosvold E. H. , Mirsky A. F. , and Pribram K. H. : Influence of amygdalectomy on social behaviour in monkeys. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol., 47: 174–178, 1954.

Sawa M. , Ueki K. , Arita M. , and Harada T. : Preliminary report on the amygdalectomy on the psychotic patients, with interpretation of oral-emotional manifestation in schizophrenia. Folia Psychiat. Neurol. Jap. 7: 309–328, 1954.

Scoville W. B. : Selective cortical undercutting as a means of modifying and studying frontal lobe function in man. J. Neurosurg., 6: 65–73, 1949.

Scoville W. B. : “Surgical locations for psychiatric surgery with special cingulate operations” Ch. 5 In: Surgical Approaches in Psychiatry. Eds. Laitinen L. , and Livingston K. E. , 29–36. England, Medical and Technical Publishing Co. Ltd., 1973.

Siegfried J. , and Ben-Shmuel A. : “Long-term assessment of stereotactic amygdalotomy for aggressive behaviour” In: Surgical Approaches in Psychiatry. Eds. Laitinen L. , and Livingston K. E. 138–141. England, Medical and Technical Publishing Co. Ltd., 1973.

Siefried J. , and Reichenbach W. : “Personal experiences in the stereotaxic surgery of psychiatric patients” Special Topics in Stereotaxis, Berlin Symposium, Ed. Umbach, W. 106–111, 1970.

Strom-Olsen R. , and Carlisle S. : Bi-frontal stereotactic tractotomy. A follow-up study of its effects on 210 patients. Br. J. Psychiatry, 118: 141–154, 1971.

Sykes M. K. , and Tredgold R. F. : Restricted orbital undercutting. A study of its effects on 350 patients over the ten years 1951–1960. Br. J. Psychiatry, 110: 609–640, 1964.

Talairach J. , Bancaud J. , Geier S. , Bordas-Ferrer M. , Bonis A. , Szikla G. , and Rusu M. : The cingulate gyrus and human behaviour. Electroencephal. Clin. Neurophysiol., 34: 45–52, 1973.

Thorpe F. T. , and Hardman J. : The lower quadrant leucotomy. J. Mental Sci. 98: 389–400, 1952.

Tooth G. C. , and Newton M. P. : Leucotomy in England and Wales, 1942–1954. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1961.

Vaernet K. , and Madsen A. : Stereotaxic amygdalotomy and basofrontal tractotomy in psychotics with aggressive behaviour. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 33: 858–863, 1970.

Van Praag H. M. : Judgement and pre-judgement of psychosurgery. Psychiat. Neurol. Neurochir. (Amst.), 76: 319–321, 1973.

Whitty C. W. M. , Duffield J. E. , Tow P. M. , and Cairns Sir H. : Anterior cingulectomy in the treatment of mental disease. The Lancet: 475–481, 1952.