Objective Approaches to Treatment in Psychiatry *

Hoch P. H. — Progress in Psychiatric Therapies. Am. J. Psychiat., 112: 241–247, 1955.

Kleist K. — Die gegenwärtigen Strömungen in der Psychiatrie. Alls. Zschr. f. Psychiat., 82: 1–41, 1925.

Funkenstein D. H. , Greenblatt M. , and Solomon H. C. — An Autonomic Nervous System Test of Prognostic Significance in Relation to Electroshock Treatment. Psychosom. Med. 14: 347–362, 1952.

Alexander L. — Epinephrine—Mecholyl Test (Funkenstein Test). Its Value in determining the recovery potential of patients with mental disease. Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. (Chicago), 73: 496–514, 1955.

Alexander L. — An Anti-Epinephrine Factor in Treatment Resistant Schizophrenia and in Intractable Psychalgia. Society Transactions. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, 72: 639–641, (November) 1954.

Alexander L. — Treatment of Mental Disorder. Philadelphia and London, W. B. Saunders Company, 1953.

Alexander L. — Outpatient Electroshock Therapy in Psychoses. Medical Clinics of North America, 38: 1363–1378, 1954.

Tietz E. B. — Electronarcosis: a Therapy of Schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiat., 101: 821–823, 1945.

Gerard R. W. — The Biological Roots of Psychiatry. Amer. J. Psychiat., 112: 81–90, 1955.

Alexander L. — Nonconvulsive Electric Stimulation Therapy: Its Place in the Treatment of Affective Disorders, with Notes on the Reciprocal Relationship of Anxiety and Depression. Am. J. Psychiat., 107: 241–250, 1950.

Muncie W. , and Gantt W. H. — Effect on Behavior of Inhibition of Different Forms of Excitation. Am. J. Physiol., 123: 152, 1938.

Robinson J. , and Gantt W. H. — The Orienting Reflex (Questioning Reaction). Cardiac, Respiratory, Salivary and Motor Components. Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp., 80: 231–253, 1947.

Shagass C. — Differentiation between Anxiety and Depression by the Photically Activated Electroencephalogram. Am. J. Psychiat., 112: 41–46, 1955.

Shagass C. , Naiman J. , and Mihalik J. — An Objective Test which Differentiates between Neurotic and Psychotic Depression. Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. (Chicago), 75: 461–471, 1956.

Fenichel O. — The Psychoanalytic Theory of Neurosis. New York, W. W. Norton, 1945.

Gliedman L. H. , Gantt W. H. , and Teitelbaum H. — The Implications of Conditional Reflex Studies for Placebo Research. Paper presented at the 112th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, in Chicago, Ill., on May 4, 1956.

Bowles L. L. — The Use of the Electronarcosis Instrument for Several Types of Treatment. J. Clin. & Exper. Psychopathol. 14: 78–83, 1953.

Russell R. J. — Intensified Electroconvulsant Therapy: Review of Five Years’ Experience. Lancet, 2: 1177–1179, 1953.

Fabing H. D. — The Neurological Basis of Memory Defects following Electroconvulsive Therapy. Jour. Nerv. & Ment. Dis., 121: 19–25, 1955.

Jones C. H. — Peripheral Electrical Stimulation, a New Form of Psychiatric Treatment. Dis. Nerv. Syst., 16: 323–329, 1955.

Marrazzi A. S. , and Hart E. R. — The Possible Role of Inhibition at Adrenergic Synapses in the Mechanism of Hallucinogenic and related Drug Actions. J. Nerv. & Ment. Dis., 122: 453–457, 1955.

Evarts R. V. , and Marshall W. H. — Effects of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide on the Excitability Cycle of the Lateral Geniculate. Tr. Am. Neurol. Assoc., 80: 58–60, 1955.

Purpura D. P. — Electrophysiological Analysis of Psychotogenig Drug Action on the Evoked Potentials of the Cat's Brain. Tr. Am. Neurol. Assoc., 80: 60–67, 1955.

Porter J. H. — Discussion of B. L. Pacella's Paper: “The Etiology and Treatment of Anxiety in Patients Receiving Shock Therapy”, presented at the 112th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association in Chicago, Ill., on May 1, 1956.

Peters J. E. , and Gantt W. H. — Effect on Higher Nervous Activity of Conventional and Square Wave Shock. Paper presented at the 25th Anniversary of the Pavlovian Laboratory, Henry Phipps Psychiatric Clinic, Johns Hopkins University, on May 6, 1955.

Fleck S. , and Gantt W. H. — Conditional Responses in Patients Receiving Electric Shock Treatment. Am. J. Psychiat., 108: 280–288, 1951.

Ayd F. J. Jr. — Chlorpromazine Therapy for Anxiety associated with Electroshock Therapy. Confinia Neurologica, 16: 168–173, 1956. And: Thorazine and Serpasil Treatment of Private Neuropsychiatric Patients. Am. J. Psychiat., 113: 16–21, 1956.

West L. J. — Round Table Meeting on Current Practices in Hypnosis. 112th Annual Meeting, American Psychiatric Association (Chicago), May 3, 1956.

Selling L. S. — A Clinical Study of Miltown, a New Tranquilizing Agent. J. Clin. & Experiment. Psychopathol., 17: 7–14, 1956.

Fabing H. D. , and Hawkins J. R. — A Year's Experience with Frenquel in Clinical and Experimental Schizophrenic Psychoses. Dis. Nerv. Syst., 16: 329–338, 1955.

Himwich H. E. — Prospects in Psycho-pharmacology. Dis. Nerv. Syst., 17: 109–116, 1956.

Jacobsen E. , and Skaarup Y. — Experimental Induction of Conflict-Behavior in Cats: its Use in Pharmacological Investigations. Acta pharmacol. et toxicol., 11: 117–124, 1956.

Jacobsen E. , and Skaarup Y. — Experimental Induction of Conflict-Behavior in Cats: the Effect of some Anticholinergic Compounds. Acta pharmacol. et toxicol., 11: 125–134, 1955.

Jacobsen E. , and Sonne E. — The Effect of Benzilic Acid Diethylaminoethylester, HCl (Benactyzine) on Stress Induced Behavior in the Rat. Acta pharmacol. et toxicol., 11: 135–147, 1955.

Holten C. H. , and Sonne E. — Action of a Series of Benactyzine-Derivatives and Other Compounds on Stress-Induced Behavior in the Rat. Acta pharmacol. et toxicol., 11: 148–155, 1955.

Masserman J. H. — Experimental Neuroses. Sci. Amer., 182: No. 3, 38–43, 1950.

Alexander F. , and French T. M. — Psychoanalytic Therapy. Principles and Application. New York, Ronald Press, 1946.

Alexander L. — General Principles of Psychotherapy. Am. J. Psychiat., 106: 721–731, 1950.

Pavlov I. P. — Conditioned Reflexes. Translation by G. V. Anrep. Oxford University Press, London, 1927. I-XV, 1–430.

Gantt W. H. — The Physiological Basis of Psychiatry: the Conditional Reflex. In: Words J. ed.: Basic Problems in Psychiatry. New York (Grune and Stratton) 1953, pp. 52–89.

Liddell H. S. — Conditioning and Emotions. Sci. Amer., 190: No. 1, 48–57, 1954.

Gantt W. H. — Principles of Nervous Breakdown — Schizokinesis and Autokinesis. Ann. N.Y. Acad. of Sciences, 56: (Art. 2): 143–163, 1953.

Eissler K. R. — Remarks on the Psychoanalysis of Schizophrenia. In: Brody B. , and Redlich F. C. eds.: Psychotherapy with Schizophrenics. New York, International Universities Press, 1952, pp. 130–167.