Starting with the nature of the serious, world-wide fishery crisis, this article shows that the recent vulnerability of marine ecosystems and resources, resulting from an obsolete paradigm of rationality and the control of nature (the seas), cannot be overcome by privatization of access to the resources through ITQs. Conversely, the ecosystems approach, open to a reevaluation of the historic contribution of the community-based types of management invented by coastal fishing cultures, particularly at risk within the EU, may contribute to the development of more responsible, more democratic governance, at least within those cultures.
Alegret, J.-L. (1996) “Ancient Institutions Confronting Change: The Fishermen's Cofradias”, in K. Crean and D. Symes (eds) Fisheries Management in Crisis, pp. 92-98. Oxford: Blackwell Science/Fishing News Books.
2.
Berkes, F. (1986) “Marine In-shore Fishery Management in Turkey”, in National Research Council Proceedings of the Conference of Common Property Resource Management, pp. 63-83. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
3.
Berkes, F. , ed. (1989) Common Property Resources. Ecology and Community-based Sustainable Development. London: Belhaven.
4.
Berkes, F. (1992) “Success and Failure in Marine Coastal Fisheries of Turkey”, in D.W. Bromley (ed.) Making the Commons Work. Theory, Practice, and Policy, pp. 161-182. San Francisco, CA: Institute for Contemporary Studies.
5.
Beverton, R. and Holt, S. (1957) On the Dynamics of Exploited Fish Populations, Fisheries Investigation Series 2 (19). London: Fisheries and Food Department of the Ministry of Agriculture.
6.
Boude, J.-P. (1983) “La gestion des ressources halieutiques”, Economie et Humanisme273: 18-29.
7.
Bromley, D.W. , ed. (1992) Making the Commons Work. Theory, Practice, and Policy. San Francisco, CA: Institute for Contemporary Studies.
8.
Collet, S. (1984) “Il territorio, il ferro, il segno e la parte: la pesca al pesce spada nello Stretto di Messina”, La Ricerca Folklorica9: 113-119.
9.
Collet, S. (1987) “Le Baron et le poisson. Féodalité et droit de la mer en Europe occidentale”, Droit et Cultures13: 25-49.
10.
Collet, S. (1993) Uomini e pesce. Catania: G. Maimone.
11.
Collet, S. (1995) “Usages touristiques et modes d'appropriation des ressources naturelles”, paper presented at the First World Conference on Sustainable Tourism, Lanzarote, Spain, 24-9 April.
12.
Collet, S. (1996) “Leviathan Management or Customary Administration: The Search for New Institutional Arrangements”, in K. Crean and D. Symes (eds) Fisheries Management in Crisis, pp. 99-109. Oxford: Blackwell Science/Fishing News Books.
13.
Cordell, J. (1972) “The Developmental Ecology of an Estuarine Canoe Fishing System in North-East Brazil”, PhD thesis, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.
14.
Cordell, J. , ed. (1989) A Sea of Small Boats. Cambridge, MA: Cultural Survival.
15.
European Commission (1991) Report of the EC to the Council and Parliament on the Common Fishery Policy. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
16.
Féral, F. (1986) “Un phénomène de décentralisation contestée: les prud'homies de pêcheurs de Méditerranée”, Economie Méridionale133-4: 95-113.
17.
Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) (1994) The State of the World's Fisheries and Aquaculture. Rome: FAO.
18.
Giovannoni, V. (1995) Les pêcheurs de l'étang de Thau. Ecologie humaine et ethnologie des techniques. Paris: L'Harmattan.
19.
Gordon, H. S. (1954) “The Economic Theory of the Common Property Resource: The Fishery”, Journal of Political Economy62(2): 124-142.
20.
Gudeman, S. (1992) “Remodeling the House of Economics: Culture and Innovation”, American Ethnologist19(1): 139-152.
21.
Hardin, G. (1968) “The Tragedy of the Commons”, Science162: 1243-1248.
22.
Holden, M. (1994) The Common Fisheries Policy. Oxford: Blackwell Science.
23.
Kalland, A. (1996) “ Marine Management in Coastal Japan”, in K. Crean and D. Symes (eds) Fisheries Management in Crisis, pp. 71-86. Oxford: Blackwell Science/Fishing News Books.
24.
McCay, B. and Acheson, J.-M. (1987) The Questions of the Commons. The Culture and Ecology of Communal Resources. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
25.
Meuriot, E. (1986) La flotte de pêche francaise de 1954 à 1983. Politiques et réalités. Paris: IFREMER.
26.
Ostrom, E. (1990) Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. New York: Cambridge University Press.
27.
Ostrom, E. (1992) “The Rudiments of a Theory of the Origins, Survival and Performance of Common-property Institutions”, in D. W. Bromley (ed.) Making the Commons Work, pp. 293-318. San Francisco, CA: Institute for Contemporary Studies.
28.
Pålsson, G. A. and Helgason, A. (1996) “Property Rights and Practical Knowledge. The Icelandic Quota System”, in K. Crean and D. Symes (eds) Fisheries Management in Crisis, pp. 45-60. Oxford: Blackwell Science/Fishing News Books.
29.
Panayotou, T. (1982) Management Concepts for Small Scale Fisheries: Economic and Social Aspects, Fisheries Technical Papers 228. Rome: FAO.
30.
Pinkerton, E. , ed. (1989) Cooperative Management of Local Fisheries. Vancouver: University of British Columbia.
31.
Pinkerton, E. (1994) “Summary and Conclusion”, in C. L. Dyer and J. R. McGoodwin (eds) Folk Management in the World's Fisheries, pp. 317-337. Niwot, CO: The University Press of Colorado.
32.
Revéret, J.-P. (1991) La pratique des pêches. Comment gérer une ressource renouvelable. Paris: L'Harmattan.
33.
Richer, W. (1954) “Stock and Recruitment”, Journal of Fisheries Research Board of Canada11: 559-623.
34.
Ruddle, K. (1989) “Village Fisheries in Japanese Coastal Waters”, in F. Berkes (ed.) Common Property Resources. Ecology and Community-based Sustainable Development, pp. 168-194. London: Belhaven.
35.
Ruddle, K. and Lasserre, P. (1983) “Traditional Knowledge and Arrangement of Marine Coastal Systems”, Biology International (Special Issue) 4: 18-26.
36.
Sachs, I. (1991) “Comment concilier écologie et prospérité”, Le Monde Diplomatique (Dec.): 18-19.
37.
Scott, A. (1955) “The Fishery: The Objectives of Sole Ownership”, Journal of Political Economy63: 116-124.
38.
Scott, A. (1989) “Conceptual Origins of Rights-based Fishing”, in P. A. Neher, R. Arnason and N. Mollett (eds) Rights-based Fishing, pp. 11-38. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic.
39.
Shaefer, M. B. (1957) “Some Considerations of Population Dynamics and Economics in Relation to the Management of Commercial Marine Fisheries”, Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada14: 669-681.
40.
Spallanzani, L. (1793) Viaggi alle due Sicilie, vol. 4. Pavia: Salviani.
41.
Spinoza, B. (1883) Political Treatise, ed. R. H. M. Elwes, trans. A. H. Gosset. London: G. Bell.
42.
Tempier, E. (1986) “Prud'homie et régulation de l'effort de pêche”, Economie Méridionale133-4: 41-50.
43.
Weber, J. (1992) “Environnement développement et propriété: une approche épistémologique. Gestion de l'environnement”, in Ethique et Société, pp. 268-301. Québec: Fides.
44.
Wilson, J.A. , Acheson, J.-M., Metcalfe, M. and Kleban, P. (1994) “Chaos, Complexity and Community Management of Fisheries”, Marine Policy18(4): 291-305.
45.
Wolff, C. (1749) Jus gentium, methodo scientifico per tractatum. Halae Magdeburgicae: Renger.
