Abelson, R. , Kinder, D., Peters, M. and Fiske, S. (1982) “Affective and Semantic Components in Political Person Perception”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology42: 619-630.
2.
Barber, B. (1984) Strong Democracy. Berkeley, CA: California University Press.
3.
Berelson, B. , Lazarsfeld, P. and McPhee, W. (1954) Voting: A Study of Opinion Formation in a Presidential Campaign. Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press.
4.
Borgida, E. and Nisbett, R. (1977) “The Differential Impact of Abstract vs. Concrete Information on Decisions”, Journal of Applied Social Psychology7: 258-271.
5.
Bower, G. (1981) “Mood and Memory”, American Psychologist36: 129-148.
6.
Brady, H. and Sniderman, P. (1985) “Attitude Attribution: A Group Basis for Political Reasoning”, American Political Science Review79: 1061-1078.
7.
Breckler, S.J. (1984) “Empirical Validation of Affect, Behavior, and Cognition as Distinct Components of Attitude”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology47: 1191-1205.
8.
Campbell, A. , Converse, P.E., Miller, W. and Stokes, D. (1964) The American Voter, abridged edition. New York: Wiley.
9.
Campbell, D.T. (1960) “Blind Variation and Selective Retention in Creative Thought as in Other Knowledge Processes”, Psychological Review67: 380-400.
10.
Chlopan, B. , McCain, M., Carbonell, J. and Hagen, R. (1985) “Empathy: A Review of Available Measures”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology48: 635-653.
11.
Clark, M.S. and Fiske, S. (1982) Affect and Cognition: The 17th Annual Carnegie Symposium. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
12.
Conover, P. and Feldman, S. (1986) “Emotional Reactions to the Economy: I'm Mad as Hell and I'm Not Going to Take It Any More”, American Journal of Political Science30: 50-78.
13.
Craig, S. and Maggiotto, M. (1982) “Measuring Political Efficacy”, Political Methodology8: 85-110.
14.
Davies, A.F. (1980) Skills, Outlooks and Passions: A Psychoanalytic Contribution to the Study of Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
15.
Davis, M.H. (1983) “Measuring Individual Differences in Empathy: Evidence from a Multidimensional Approach”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology44: 113-126.
16.
Derryberry, D. and Rothbart, M. (1984) “Emotion, Attention and Temperament”, in C. Izard, J. Kegan and R. Zajonc (eds) Emotion, Cognition and Behavior. New York: Cambridge University Press.
17.
Diener, E. and Emmons, R. (1984) “The Independence of Positive and Negative Affect”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology47: 1105-1117.
18.
Downs, A. (1957) An Economic Theory of Democracy. New York: Harper and Row.
19.
Fishbein, M. and Ajzen, I. (1975) Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
20.
Fiske, S. (1981) “Social Cognition and Affect”, in J. Harvey (ed.) Cognition, Social Behavior, and the Environment. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
21.
Fiske, S. and Pavelchak, M. (1985) “Category-based versus Piecemeal-based Affective Responses: Developments in Schema-triggered Affect”, in R. Sorrentino and E. Higgins (eds) The Handbook of Motivation and Cognition: Foundations of Social Behavior. New York: Guilford Press.
22.
Fiske, S. and Taylor, S. (1984) Social Cognition. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
23.
Fonberg, E. (1986) “Amygdala, Emotions, Motivation, and Depressive States”, ch. 13 in R. Plutchik and H. Kellerman (eds) Emotion: Theory, Research and Experience. London: Academic Press.
24.
Gardner, H. (1985) The Mind's New Science. New York: Basic Books.
25.
Gazzaniga, M. (1985) The Social Brain: Discovering the Networks of the Mind. New York: Basic Books.
26.
Gazzaniga, M. and Smylie, C. (1983) “Facial Recognition and Brain Asymmetries: Clues to Underlying Mechanisms”, Annals of Neurology13: 536-540.
27.
Gray, J.A. (1970) “The Psychophysiological Basis of Introversion-extroversion”, Behaviour Research and Therapy8: 249-266.
28.
Gray, J.A. (1973) “Causal Theories of Personality and How To Test Them”, in J.R. Royce (ed.) Multivariate Analysis and Psychological Theory. New York: Academic Press.
29.
Gray, J.A. (1981) “The Psychophysiology of Anxiety”, in R. Lynn (ed.) Dimensions of Personality. Papers in Honour of H.J. Eysenck. New York: Pergamon.
30.
Greenwald, A. (1980) “The Totalitarian Ego: Fabrication and Revision of Personal History”, American Psychologist35: 603-618.
31.
Hastie, R. (1986). “A Primer of Information-Processing Theory for the Political Scientist”, in R. Lau and D. Sears (eds) Political Cognition. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
32.
Heath, R. (1986) “The Neural Substrate for Emotion”, ch. 1 in R. Plutchik and H. Kellerman (eds) Emotion: Theory, Research and Experience. London: Academic Press.
33.
Iannotti, R. (1985) “Naturalistic and Structured Assessments of Prosocial Behavior in Preschool Children: The Influence of Empathy and Perspective Taking”, Developmental Psychology21: 46-55.
34.
Isen, A.M. and Daubman, K. (1984) “The Influence of Affect on Categorization”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology47: 1206-1217.
35.
Izard, C.E. (1972a) The Face of Emotion. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
36.
Izard, C.E. (1972b) Patterns of Emotions: A New Analysis of Anxiety and Depression. New York: Academic Press.
37.
Izard, C.E. (1977) Human Emotions. New York: Plenum.
38.
Izard, C.E. (1979) The Differential Emotions Scale for Children (DES-III). Unpublished manuscript, University of Delaware.
39.
Izard, C.E. (1982) “Emotion-cognition relationships and human development”, in C.E. Izard, J. Kagan and R. Zajonc (eds) Emotion, Cognition and Behavior. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Janis, I. and Mann, L. (1977) Decision Making. New York: The Free Press.
42.
Jöreskog, K.G. (1969) “A General Approach to Confirmatory Maximum Likelihood Factor Analysis”, Psychometrika34: 183-202.
43.
Jöreskog, K.G. (1970) “A General Method for Analysis of Covariance Structures”, Biometrika57: 239-251.
44.
Jöreskog, K.G. (1973) “A General Method for Estimating a Linear Structural Equation System”, in A.S. Goldberger and O.D. Duncan (eds) Structural Equation Models in the Social Sciences, pp. 85-112. New York: Seminar Press.
45.
Kinder, D. and Sears, D. (1981) “Prejudice and Politics: Symbolic Racism Versus Racial Threat to the Good Life”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology40: 414-431.
46.
Krouse, R. and Marcus, G.E. (1984) “Electoral Studies and Democratic Theory Reconsidered”, Political Behavior6: 23-39.
47.
Kotsch, W.E. , Gerbing, D.W. and Schwartz, L.E. (1982) “The Construct Validity of the Differential Emotions Scale as adapted for Children and Adolescents”, in C.E. Izard (ed.) Measuring emotions in infants and children. New York: Cambridge University Press.
48.
Kuklinski, J. , Riggle, E., Ottati, V., Scharz, N. and Wyer, R. (1987) “Why the slippage? Explaining why people support abstract principles more than application of them”, paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago, IL, April 9-11.
49.
Lantemann, E. (1985) “Cognition and Emotion in the Course of Action”, in G.P. Ginsburg, M. Brenner and M. von Cranach (eds) Discovery Strategies in the Psychology of Action. London: Academic Press.
50.
Lasswell, H. (1930) Psychopathology and Politics. New York: Viking Press.
51.
Lasswell, H. (1948) Power and Personality. New York: Viking Press.
52.
Lau, R. (1986) “Political Schemata, Candidate Evaluations, and Voting Behavior”, in R. Lau and D. Sears (eds) Political Cognition. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
53.
Lazarus, R. (1982) “Thoughts on the relations of emotion and cognition”, American Psychologist37: 1019-1024.
54.
Lazarus, R. (1984) “On the Primacy of Cognition”, American Psychologist39: 124-129.
55.
Lewicki, P. (1986) Nonconscious Social Information Processing. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
56.
Lifton, R. (1986) The Nazi Doctors. New York: Basic Books.
57.
Lloyd, G. (1984) The Man of Reason: “Male” and “Female” in Western Philosophy. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
58.
Madison, J. (1961) The Federalist Papers, J. Cooke, (ed.). Cleveland, OH: World Publishing.
59.
Marcus, G.E. (1987) “The Structure of Emotional Appraisal: 1984 Presidential Candidates”, paper presented at the 10th Annual Meeting of the International Society for Political Psychology, July 4-7, San Francisco, CA.
60.
Marcus, G.E. (1988) “The Structure of Emotional Response: 1984 Presidential Candidates”, American Political Science Review82: 735-761.
61.
Marcus, G.E. , MacKuen, M. and Glassberg, A.D. (1989) “The Role of Emotional Response in Presidential Campaign Dynamics: Excitement and Threat”, paper presented at the 1989 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Atlanta, GA.
62.
Marcus, G.E. and Rahn, W. (1990) “Emotions and Democratic Politics”, in S. Long (ed.) Research in Micropolitics. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
63.
Marcus, G.E. , Sullivan, J.L. and Theiss-Morse, E. with Flathman, M. and Healy, S. (1990) “Political Tolerance and Threat: Affective and Cognitive Influences”, paper presented at the 1990 Annual Meetings of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago, IL, April 1990.
64.
Marcus, G.E. , Sullivan, J.L. and Theiss-Morse, E. (forthcoming) “Reason and Passion in Political Life”, in G.E. Marcus and R. Hanson (eds) Reconsidering American Democracy.
65.
Markus, G. (1986) “Stability and Change in Political Attitudes: Observed, Recalled, and `Explained' ”, Political Behavior8: 21-45.
66.
Masters, R. and Sullivan, D. (1986) “Nonverbal Displays and Political Leadership in France and the United States”, paper presented at the 1986 Annual Meetings of the American Political Science Association, Washington, DC.
67.
Millar, M. and Tesser, A. (1986) “Effects of Affective and Cognitive Focus on the Attitude-Behavior Relation”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 51: 270-276.
68.
Miller, S. and Sears, D. (1986) “Stability and Change in Social Tolerance: A Test of the Persistance Hypothesis”, American Journal of Political Science30: 214-236.
69.
Nisbet, R. and Ross, L. (1980) Human Inference: Strategies and Shortcomings of Social Judgement. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
70.
Noelle-Neumann, E. (1984) The Spiral of Silence. Chicago IL: University of Chicago Press.
71.
Norman, R. (1975) “Affective-cognitive consistence attitudes, conformity and behavior”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology32: 83-91.
72.
Phares, J. (1978) “Locus of Control”, in H. London and J. Exner, Jr. (eds) Dimensions of Personality. New York: Wiley.
73.
Piaget, J. (1948) The Moral Judgment of the Child. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
74.
Plutchik, R. (1980) Emotion: A Psychoevolutionary Synthesis. New York: Harper and Row.
75.
Rabinowitz, G. , Prothro, J. and Jacoby, W. (1982) “Salience as a Factor in the Impact of Issues on Candidate Evaluation”, Journal of Politics44: 40-63.
76.
Rahn, W. , Aldrich, J., Borgida, E. and Sullivan, J. (1990) “A Social-Cognitive Model of Candidate Appraisal”, in J. Ferejohn and J. Kuklinski (eds) Information and Democratic Processes. Urbana-Champaign: University of Illinois Press.
77.
Rawls, J. (1971) A Theory of Justice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
78.
Roseman, I. (1979) “Cognitive Aspects of Emotion and Emotional Behavior”, paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.
79.
Roseman, I. (1984) “Cognitive Determinants of Emotions: A Structural Theory”, in P. Shaver (ed.) Review of personality and social psychology, Vol.: 11-36. Beverly Hills, CA: SAGE.
80.
Roseman, I. , Abelson, R. and Ewing, M. (1986) “Emotions and Political Cognition: Emotional Appeals in Political Communication”, in R. Lau and D. Sears (eds) Political Cognition. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
81.
Rosenberg, M.J. (1960) “A structural theory of attitude dynamics”, Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology53: 367-372.
82.
Rosenberg, S. , Bohan, L., McCafferty, P. and Harris, K. (1986) “The Image and the Vote: Effects of Candidate Presentation on Voter Preference”, American Journal of Political Science30: 108-127.
83.
Rotter, J.B. (1966) “Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement”, Psychological Monographs80, 1 (whole no. 609).
84.
Russell, D. and McAuley, E. (1986) “Causal Attribution, Causal Dimensions, and Affective Reactions to Success and Failure”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology50: 1174-1185.
85.
Russell, J.A. (1980) “A Circumplex Model of Affect”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology39: 1161-1178.
86.
Russell, J.A. , Lewicka, M. and Niit, T. (1989) “A Cross-Cultural Study of a Circumplex Model of Affect”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology57: 848-856.
87.
Russell, J.A. , Weiss, A. and Mendelsohn, G.A. (1989) “Affect Grid: A Single-Item Scale of Pleasure and Arousal”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology57: 493-502.
88.
Sandel, M. (1982) Liberalism and the Limits of Justice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
89.
Sears, D. , Lau, R., Tyler, T. and Allen, H. (1980) “Self-Interest vs. Symbolic Politics in Policy Attitudes and Presidential Voting”, American Political Science Review74(3): 670-684.
90.
Seligman, M. (1975) Helplessness. On depression, development and death. San Francisco, CA: Freeman.
91.
Shingles, R. (1986) “Dimensions of Political Efficacy: Tests of New and Old Measures”, paper presented at the American Political Science Association annual meetings, Washington, DC.
92.
Showers, C. and Cantor, N. (1985) “Social Cognition: A look at Motivated Strategies”, Annual Review of Psychology36: 275-305.
93.
Simon, H. (1967) “Motivational and Emotional Controls of Cognition”, Psychological Review74: 29-39.
94.
Smetana, J. (1985) “Preschool Children's Conceptions of Transgressions: Effects of Varying Moral and Conventional Domain-Related Attributes”, Developmental Psychology21: 18-29.
95.
Snyder, M. and Ickes, W. (1985) “Personality and Social Behavior”, in G. Lindzey and E. Aronson (eds) The Handbook of Social Psychology, 3rd edn, vol. II. New York: Random House.
96.
Sullivan, D. and Masters, R. (1987) “Emotional and Cognitive Reactions to Watching Political Leaders: Experimental Evidence in France and the United States”, paper presented at the Tenth Anniversary Meeting of the International Society for Political Psychology, July 4-7, San Francisco, CA.
97.
Sullivan, D. and Masters, R. (1988) “Happy Warriors: Leaders' Facial Displays, Viewers Emotions, and Political Support”, American Journal of Political Science32(2): 345-368.
98.
Sullivan, D. and Masters, R. (forthcoming) “Nonverbal Behavior, Emotions and Democratic Leadership”, in G.E. Marcus and R. Hanson (eds) Reconsidering The Democratic Public.
99.
Sullivan, J.L. and Feldman, S. (1979) Multiple Indicators. Berkeley, CA: SAGE.
100.
Sullivan, J.L. , Piereson, J. and Marcus, G.E. (1982) Political Tolerance and American Democracy. Chicago IL: University of Chicago Press.
101.
Tassinary, L. , Orr, S., Wolford, G., Napps, S. and Lanzetta, J. (1984) “The Role of Awareness in Affective Information Processing: An Exploration of the Zajonc Hypothesis”, Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society22: 489-492.
102.
Tellegen, A. (1985) “Structures of Mood and Personality and their Relevance to Assessing Anxiety, with an Emphasis on Self-Report”, in A.H. Tuma and J.D. Maser (eds) Anxiety and the anxiety disorders. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
103.
Thompson, D. (1970) The Democratic Citizen: Social Science and Democratic Theory in the Twentieth Century. New York: Cambridge University Press.
104.
Thompson, D. (1976) John Stuart Mill and Representative Government. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
105.
Tomkins, S.S. (1981) “The Quest for Primary Motives. Biography and Autobiography of an idea”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology41: 306-329.
106.
Tsal, Y. (1985) “On The Relationship Between Cognitive and Affective Processes: A Critique of Zajonc and Marcus”, Journal of Consumer Research12: 358-362.
107.
Warr, P. , Barter, J. and Brownbridge, G. (1983) “On the Independence of Positive and Negative Affect”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology44: 644-651.
108.
Watson, D. and Clark, L. (1984) “Negative Affectivity: The Disposition to Experience Aversive Emotional States”, Psychological Bulletin96: 465-490.
109.
Watson, D. and Tellegen, A. (1985) “Toward a Consensual Structure of Mood”, Psychological Bulletin98: 219-235.
110.
Watson, D. (1988a) “Intraindividual and Interindividual Analyses of Positive and Negative Affect: Their Relation to Health Complaints, Perceived Stress, and Daily Activities”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology54: 1020-1030.
111.
Watson, D. (1988b) “The Vicissitudes of Mood Measurement: Effects of Varying Descriptors, Time Frames, and Response Formats on Measures of Positive and Negative Affect”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology55: 128-141.
112.
Watson, D. , Clark, L.A. and Tellegen, A. (1988) “Development and Validation of Brief Measures of Positive and Negative Affect: The PANAS Scales”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology54: 1063-1070.
113.
Wiener, B. , Russell, D. and Lerman, D. (1978) “Affective Consequences of Causal Ascriptions”, in J.H. Harvey and R.F. Kidd (eds) New Directions in Attribution Research, vol. 2. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
114.
Wilson, T.D. , Dunn, D.S., Kraft, D. and Lisle, D.J. (1989) “Introspection, Attitude Change, and Attitude-Behavior Consistency: The Disruptive Effects of Explaining Why We Feel the Way We Do”, Advances in Experimental Social Psychology22: 287-343.
115.
Wycoff, M. (1987) “Measures of Attitudinal Consistency as Indicators of Ideological Sophistication: A Reliability and Validity Assessment”, Journal of Politics49: 148-168.
116.
Zajonc, R.B. (1980a) “Cognition and Social Cognition: A Historical Perspective”, in L. Festinger (ed.) Retrospectives on Social Psychology, pp. 180-204. New York: Oxford University Press.
117.
Zajonc, R.B. (1980b) “Feeling and Thinking: Preferences Need No Inferences”, American Psychologist35: 151-175.
118.
Zajonc, R.B. (1984) “On the Primacy of Affect”, American Psychologist39: 117-123.
119.
Zevon, M.A. and Tellegen, A. (1982) “The Structure of Mood Change: An Ideographic/Nomothetic Analysis”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology43: 111-122.
