Restricted accessOtherFirst published online 2007-06
Theoretical and Conceptual Notes Concerning Transference and Countertransference Processes in Groups and by Groups,and the Social Unconscious: Part III
In this article, I will define my concept of the social unconscious and specify several aspects of it, and compare this concept with the Jungian concept of the collective unconscious. I will focus on the constraints and restraints of the social unconscious on transference and countertransference processes by persons in groups (Part I, December, 2006) and by groups of persons (Part II, March, 2007). I will also discuss continuing resistance to the use of the `social unconscious' in clinical work.
Bernfeld, S. (1929) `Der soziale Ort und seine Bedeutung für Neurose , Verwahrlosung und Pädagogik', ImagoXV(2): 17—24.
2.
Bion, W.R. (1970) Attention and Interpretation. London: Tavistock.
3.
Brown, D. (2001) `A Contribution to the Understanding of the Social Unconscious', Group Analysis34(1): 29—38.
4.
Cortesao, E.L. (1989) Grupanalise — Teoria e Tecnica. Lisbon: Fundacao Calouste Gulbenkian.
5.
Dalal, F. (1993) ` ``Race'' and Racism — An Attempt to Organise Difference', Group Analysis26(3): 277—93.
6.
Dalal, F. (1998) Taking the Group Seriously. London: Jessica Kingsley.
7.
de Maré, P. (1972) Perspectives in Group Psychotherapy. London: Allen and Unwin.
8.
Farris, S. (2006) Personal communication.
9.
Foulkes, S.H. (1964) Therapeutic Group Analysis. London: Allen and Unwin. Reprinted 1984, London: Karnac.
10.
Freud, S. (1913) `Totem and Taboo', Standard Edition , Vol. 23. London: Hogarth Press, 1955.
11.
Freud, S. (1930) Civilisation and its Discontents. London: Hogarth Press.
12.
Fromm, E. (1930) The Working Class in Weimar, Germany: A Psychological and Sociological Study, trans. Barbara Weinberger. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Reprinted 1984.
13.
Haubl, R. (1988) `Kreativer Spiel-Raum und Gruppeninszenierung', in J. Belgrad et al. (eds) Sprache — Szene — Unbewußtes, pp. 237—71. Frankfurt-am-Main: Nexus.
14.
Hearst, L. (1993) `Our Historical and Cultural Cargo and its Vicissitudes in Group Analysis' (17th Annual S.H. Foulkes Lecture ), Group Analysis 26(4): 389—404.
15.
Henderson, J.L. (1967) Thresholds of Initiation. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press.
16.
Hopper, E. (1991) `Encapsulation as a Defence Against the Fear of Annihilation', The International Journal of Psychoanalysis72(4): 607—24.
17.
Hopper, E. (1995) `A Psychoanalytical Theory of Drug Addiction: Unconscious Fantasies of Homosexuality, Compulsions and Masturbation Within the Context of Traumatogenic Processes', The International Journal of Psychoanalysis76(6): 1121—42.
18.
Hopper, E. (2003a) The Social Unconscious: Selected Papers. London: Jessica Kingsley.
19.
Hopper, E. (2003b) Traumatic Experience in the Unconscious Life of Groups. London: Jessica Kingsley .
20.
Hopper, E. (2006a) `The Relational Perspective in Psychoanalysis and Group Analysis: A Comment on the Exchange between Dalal and Lavie concerning the ``Lost Roots of the Theory of Group Analysis'': ``Taking Interrelational Individuals Seriously''!' by Joshua Lavie (Group Analysis, December 2005) ', Group Analysis39(3): 421—31.
21.
Hopper, E. (2006b) `Theoretical and Conceptual Notes Concerning Transference and Countertransference Processes in Groups and by Groups, and the Social Unconscious: Part I', Group Analysis39(4): 549—59.
22.
Hopper, E. (2006c) `Theoretical and Conceptual Notes Concerning Transference and Countertransference Processes in Groups and by Groups, and the Social Unconscious: Part II', Group Analysis40(1): 21—34.
23.
Horney, K. (1937) The Neurotic Personality of Our Time. New York: W.W. Norton.
24.
Kaës, R. (1987) `La troisième différence', Revue de Psychothérapie Psychoanalytique de Groupe9—10: 5—30.
25.
Kibel, H. (2005) `Progress in Object Relations Theory and Group Analysis: From Classicism to the Influence of Social Forces', Plenary Lecture sponsored by the Israeli Congress `The Power of the Group Space'. Tel Aviv, Israel, July 2005.
26.
Knauss, W. (2006) `The Group in the Unconscious: A Bridge Between the Individual and the Society', Group Analysis39(2): 159—70.
27.
Le Roy, J. (1987) `The Cultural Structuring of the Personality and Intercultural Relationships', Group Analysis20(2): 147—53.
28.
Malan, D. (1979) Individual Psychotherapy and the Science of Psychodynamics . London: Butterworth.
29.
Ormay, T. (2001) `Group in Foulkes', Group Analysis34(1): 169—78.
30.
Puget, J. (1986) Personal communication.
31.
Racker, H. (1968) Transference and Countertransference. London: Hogarth Press.
32.
Rouchy, J.C. (1982) `Identité Culturelle Et Groupe d'appartenance' , Revue de Psychothérapie Psychanalytique de Groupe9: 13—19.
33.
Scharff. D. (1996) Object Relations Theory and Practice. North vale, NJ: Aronson.
34.
Scharff, J. and Scharff, D.E. (1998) Object Relations Individual Therapy. North-vale, NJ: Aronson.
35.
Scheidlinger, S. (1964) `Identification, the Sense of Identity and of Belonging in Small Groups', International Journal of Group Psychotherapy14: 346—63.
36.
Scholte, R. (2006) Personal communication.
37.
Singer, T. and Kimbles, S. (2004) The Cultural Complex. Hove and New York: Brunner-Routledge.
38.
Spector-Person, E. (1992) `Romantic Love: At the Intersection of the Psyche and the Cultural Unconscious', in T. Shapiro and R. Emde (eds) Affect: Psychoanalytic Perspectives. New York: International Universities Press.
39.
Stone, W. (2004) `Group-As-A-Whole: A Self-Psychological Perspective ', Unpublished paper.
40.
Volkan, V., Ast, G. and Greer, Jr., W.F. (eds) (2003 ) The Third Reich in the Unconscious: Transgenerational Transmission and its Consequences. New York and London: Brunner-Routledge.
41.
Waelder, R. (1936) `The Principle of Multiple Function: Observations on Over-Determination', Psychoanalytic Quarterly5: 45—62.
42.
Weinberg, H. (2006) Group Analysis, Large Groups, and the Internet Unconscious. Manchester Metropolitan University, submitted in partial fulfilment of PhD by publication requirements, Department of Psychology and Speech Therapy.
43.
Wolstein, B. (1954) Transference: Its Meaning and Function in Psychoanalytic Therapy. New York: Grune and Stratton .
