This paper is an exploration of the culture and possible mechanisms of change in
fellowship groups. The Twelve Steps and Traditions are considered and examples
are provided of individuals in AA and professional group therapy/analysis.
Bill W.
(1949) The Society of Alcoholics Anonymous.
New York: AA Publication, Works Publishing Inc.
2.
Bill W.
(1957) ‘When AA Came of Age’,
in Alcoholics Anonymous Comes of Age.
New York: AA World Services Inc.
3.
Bill W.
(1967) As Bill Sees It – The AA Way of Life.
New York: World Services Inc.
4.
Bion, W.R.
(1961) Experiences in Groups.
London: Tavistock
.
5.
Blumberg, L.
(1977) ‘
The Ideology of a Therapeutic Social Movement: Alcoholics Anonymous
’, Journal of Studies on Alcohol38(11):
2122–2143
.
6.
Brown, S.
(1985) Treating the Alcoholic: A Developmental Model of
Recovery.
New York: John Wiley and Sons
.
7.
Brown, S.
(1995) ‘Therapeutic Processes in Alchoholics
Anonymous’, in
B. McBrady
and
W. Miller
(eds) Research on Alcoholics Anonymous.
New Jersey: Rutgers Centre of Alcohol Studies
.
8.
Dodes, L.
(1988) ‘
The Psychology of Combining Dynamic Psychotherapy and Alcoholics Anonymous
’, Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic52(4):
283–293
.
9.
Drew, L.R.H.
(1990) ‘
Factors We Don’t Want to Face
’, Drug and Alcohol Review9:
958–960
.
10.
Flores, P.
(1988) Group Psychotherapy with Addicted Populations.
New York: Haworth
.
11.
Freud, S.
(1921) ‘Group Psychology and the Analysis of the
Ego’, Standard Edition vol. 18, pp.
69–143.
London: Hogarth Press
, 1955.
12.
Hanninen, V.
and
Koski-Jannes, A.
(1999)
‘Narratives of Recovery from Addictive Behaviours’
, Addiction, 94(10):
1337–1848
.
13.
James, W.
(1902) The Varieties of Religious Experience.
New York: Longmans
.
14.
Khantzian, E.
(1999) ‘The Psychiatry-Self-Help
Controversy’, in
E. Khantzian
(ed.) Treating Addiction as a Human Process.
New York: Analytic Press
.
15.
Khantzian, E.
and
Mack, J.
(1989) ‘Alcoholics Anonymous and Contemporary
Psychodynamic Theory’, in
M. Galanter
(ed.) Recent Developments in Alcoholism, vol. 7.
New York: Plenum
.
16.
Khantzian, E.
and
Mack, J.
(1994)
‘How AA Works and Why It Is Important for Clinicians to Understand’
, Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment11(2):
77–92
.
17.
Makela, K.
(1996) Alcoholics Anonymous as a Mutual-Help Movement: A
Study in Eight Societies.
Madison: University of Wisconsin Press
.
18.
Matano, R.
and
Yalom, I.
(1991)
‘Approaches to Chemical Dependency and Interactive Group Therapy
– a Synthesis’
, International Journal of Group Psychotherapy41(3):
269–294
.
19.
McBrady, B.
and
Miller, W.
(eds) (1995) Research on Alcoholics Anonymous.
New Jersey: Rutgers Centre of Alcohol Studies
.
20.
Miller, W.
(1986)
‘Haunted by the Zeitgeist: Reflections on Contrasting Treatment
Goals and Concepts of Alcoholism in Europe and the United States’
, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences472:
110–129
.
21.
Miller, W.
(1990)
‘Spirituality; the Silent Dimension in Addiction Research’
, Drug and Alcohol Review9:
259–266
.
22.
Robinson, C.
(1996)
‘Alcoholics Anonymous as Seen from the Perspective of Self Psychology’
, Smith College Studies in Social Work66(2):
129–145
.
23.
Rosen, A.
(1981)
‘Psychotherapy and Alcoholics Anonymous’
, Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic45(3):
229–246
.
24.
Roth, J.
(2002) ‘Alcoholics Anonymous as a Medical
Treatment for Alcoholism; A Group-analytic Perspective on How it
Works’, in
R. Lipgar
and
M. Pines
(eds) Building on Bion, vol. 2.
London: Jessica Kingsley
.
25.
Stewart, D.
(1955)
‘The Dynamics of Fellowship as Illustrated in Alcoholics Anonymous’
, Quarterly Studies on Alcohol16:
251–262
.
26.
Tiebout, H.
(1943–44)
‘Therapeutic Mechanisms of Alcoholics Anonymous’
, American Journal of Psychiatry100:
468–473
.
27.
Tonigan, S.
,
Ashcroft, F.
and
Miller, W.
(1995)
‘AA Group Dynamics and 12-Step Activity’
, Journal of Studies in Alcohol56:
616–621
.
28.
Weegmann, M
(2002a)
‘Alcoholics Anonymous: Encouraging Greater Professional Interest’
, The Drug and Alcohol Professional3(1):
7–16
.
29.
Weegmann, M.
(2002b) ‘Heinz Kohut: Addiction and the
Vulnerable Self’, in
M.Weegmann
and
R. Cohen
(eds) Psychodynamics of Addiction.
London: Whurr
.
30.
Weegmann, M.
(2002c)
‘Eugene O’Neill’sHughieand the Grandiose Addict’, Psychodynamic Practice8(1):
21–32
.
31.
Weegmann, M.
(2004, in press) ‘Group Psychotherapy without
the Group Psychotherapist: An Understanding of Alcoholics Anonymous and
Fellowship’, in
B. Reading
and
M. Weegmann
(eds) Group Psychotherapy with Substance Misusers.
London: Whurr
.