Exports and Economic Growth in Africa: a Note on the Causality Question

Abstract

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Amin, Samir . 1990. Maldevelopment. New York: Zed Books.

Bahmani-Oskooee, M. , et al. 1991. Exports, Growth and Causality in LDCs: A Re-examination. Journal of Development Economics 36: 405-415.

Baran, Paul . 1957. The Political Economy of Growth. New York: Monthly Review Press.

Chaw, Peter . 1987. Causality Between Export Growth and Industrial Development: Empirical Evidence from the NICs. Journal of Development Economics 26: 55-63.

Dodaro, Santos . 1993. Exports and Growth: A Reconsideration of Causality. The Journal of Developing Areas 27: 227-244.

Emmanuel, Arghiri . 1972. Unequal Exchange: A Study of the Imperialism of Trade. New York: Monthly Review Press.

Emery, R. 1967. The Relations of Exports and Economic Growth. Kyklos 20: 470-484.

Feder, Gershon . 1985. Growth in Semi-industrial Countries: A Statistical Analysis. In, Industrialization and Growth: A Comparative Study, Hollis Chenery , Sherman Robinson , and Moshe Syrquin (eds.). New York: Oxford University Press.

Feder, Gershon . 1983. On Exports and Economic Growth. Journal of Development Economics 12 (1-2): 59-74.

10.

Granger, C. 1969. Investigating Causal Relations by Econometrics Models and Cross Spectral Methods. Econometrica 37(3): 424-438.

11.

Heller, P. and R. Porter . 1978. Exports and Growth: An Empirical Re-investigation. Journal of Development Economics 5: 191-193.

12.

Hsiao, M.W. , Test of causality and Exogeneity Between Exports and Economic Growth: The Case of Asian NICs. Journal of Economic Development 12: 143-152.

13.

Hsio, C. 1981. Autoregressive Modeling and Money Income Causality Detection. Journal of Monetary Economics 7: 85-106.

14.

Jung, Woo S. and Peyton Marshall . 1985. Exports, Growth and causality in Developing Countries. Journal of Development Economics 18(1-2): 1-12.

15.

Kang, H. 1989. The Optimal Lag Selection and Transfer Function Analysis in Granger Causality Test. Journal of Economic Dynamic and Control 13: 151-169.

16.

Kavoussi, Rostam . 1985. International Trade and Economic Development: The Recent Experience of Developing Countries. Journal of Developing Areas 19(3).

17.

Kavoussi, Rostam . 1984. Export Expansion and Economic Growth: Further Empirical Evidence. Journal of Development Economics 14(1-2): 241-250.

18.

Lewis, Arthur . 1979. The Evolution of the International Economic Order. Princeton University Press.

19.

Love, Jim . 1994. Engines of Growth —The Exports and Government Sectors. World Economy April: 203-218.

20.

Mbaku, John . 1989. Export Growth and Economic Performance in Developing Countries: Further Evidence from Africa. Journal of Economic Development 14(2): 127-141.

21.

Meier, G. 1989. Leading Issues in Economic Development. New York: Oxford University Press.

22.

Michaely, Michael . 1977. Exports and Growth: An Empirical Investigation. Journal of Development Economics 4(1): 49-53.

23.

Moschos, Demetrios . 1989. Export Expansion, Growth and the Level of Economic Development. Journal of Development Economics 30: 93-102.

24.

Mynt, Hla . 1956. The `Classical' Theory of International Trade and the Underdeveloped Countries. Economic Journal June: 317-337.

25.

Myrdal, Gunner . 1959. Development and Underdevelopment. Cairo: National Bank of Egypt.

26.

Ohlin, B. 1967. Interregional and International Trade. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

27.

Prebisch, Raul . 1962. The Economic Development of Latin America and its Principle Problems. Economic Bulletin for Latin America.

28.

Ram, R. 1987. Exports and Economic Growth in Developing Countries: Evidence from Time Series and Cross-section data. Economic Development and Cultural Change 24(2): 51-70.

29.

Ram, R. 1985. Export and Economic Growth: Some Additional Evidence. Economic Development and Cultural Change 33(2): 59-74.

30.

Salvatore, D. and Thomas Hatcher . 1991. Inward Oriented and Outward Oriented Trade Strategies. The Journal of Development Studies 27(3): 7-25.

31.

Sheehey, Edmond . 1992. Exports and Growth: Additional Evidence. The Journal of Development Studies 28(4): 730-734.

32.

Sims, C. 1972. Money, Income, and Causality. American Economic Review 62: 540-552.

33.

Smith, Adam . 1937. An Inquiry into the Nature and Cause of the Wealth of Nations, (ed.). Cannan . New York: Random House.

34.

Tyler, William . 1981. Growth and Export Expansion in Developing Countries. Journal of Development Economics 9(1).

35.

Voivodas, Constantin S. 1973. Exports, Foreign Capital Inflow, and Economic Growth. Journal of International Economics 3: 337-349.

36.

World Bank . 1987. World Development Report. New York: Oxford University Press.

37.

World Bank . 1991. World Development Report. New York: Oxford University Press.

38.

World Bank . 1991. World Tables. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press.

39.

World Bank . 1993a. The East Asian Miracle: Economic Growth and Public Policy. New York: Oxford University Press.

40.

World Bank . 1993b. Social Indicators of Development. New York: Oxford University Press.