This article examines primarily the social impacts of the 2001 economic crisis on small employers and workers and their evaluation of the crisis in Ankara, Turkey. Besides this basic aim, it also provides an overview of the macroeconomic policies that have been implemented since 1980 and discusses the results of these policies. The fieldwork for this study was carried out in selected sectors in Ankara from February to April, 2002.
Akşit, B.1975. Social change and cleavage in a middle-sized Turkish city. Unpublished PhD diss., Chicago University.
2.
---. 1985. Köy, kasaba ve kentlerde toplumsal değişme . Ankara: Turhan Kitabevi.
3.
Akyüz, Y., and K. Boratav.2001. The making of the Turkish financial crisis. Paper presented at the conference on "Financialization of the Global Economy," PERI, University of Massachusetts , December 7-9.
4.
5.
Berberoğlu, B.1992. The political economy of development: Development theory and the prospects for change in the third world. Albany : State University of New York Press.
6.
Burris, V.1984. The politics of Marxist crisis theory. Research of Political Economy7: 237-67.
7.
Chossudovsky, M.1997. The globalization of poverty: Impact of IMF and World Bank reforms. London: TWN, Panang, and Zed Books.
8.
Cizre, Ü., and E. Yeldan.2005. The Turkish encounter with neo-liberalism: Economics and politics in the 2000/2001 crises. Review of International Political Economy12 (3): 387-408.
9.
D□ E.2003. Hanehalkı Bütçe Anketi Gelir Dağılımı Sonuçları, 13.10.2003 Tarihli Haber Bülteni.
10.
Ekonomi Turk. 2007. http://www.ekonomiturk.blogspot.com/2007/08/gelir-dalm-snav-1.html .
11.
Erbaş, H.1993. Class and culture: The cases of Kırıkkale and Ankara. Unpublished PhD diss., Middle EastTechnical University, Ankara.
12.
Fantasia, R.1995. From class consciousness to culture, action, and social organization. Annual Review of Sociology21: 269-87.
13.
Frobel, F., Heinrichs, J., and Kreye, O.1978. Export-oriented industrialization of underdeveloped countries . Monthly Review, 30:23-27.
14.
Gülalp, H.1985. Patterns of capitalist accumulation and state-society relations in Turkey. Journal of Contemporary Asia15: 329-49.
15.
Ha, K.S., and W.S. Lee.2001. IMF and the crisis of the marginalized urban sector in Korea. Journal of Contemporary Asia31: 196-215.
16.
Independent Social Scientists.2005. On economic and social life in Turkey in early 2005. http://www.bagimsizsosyalbilimciler.org/.
17.
Jones, A.W.2001. Caring labor and class consciousness: The class dynamics of gendered work. Sociological Forum16: 281-99.
18.
Kalkan, S., et al. 2005. Krizi Sonrasında Tüketim Sepetindeki Değişimler: Kaliteden Kaçış mı Yaşandı. TEPAV. http://www.tepav.org.tr .
19.
Keyder, Ç.1987. Economic development and crisis. In Turkey in transition, ed. I. Schick and A. Tonak.New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
20.
Keyman, F., and B. Koyuncu.2005. Globalization, alternative maternities, and the political economy of Turkey. Review of International Political Economy12 (1): 387-408.
21.
Landberg, M.1979. Export-led industrialisation in the Third World: Manufacturing imperialism. The Review of Radical Political Economies11: 50-63.
22.
Mann, M.1973. Consciousness and actions among the Western working class . London and Basingstoke: Macmillan.
23.
Mardin, M.1967. Historical determinants of stratification: Social class and class consciousness in Turkey. Ankara University, Journal of Public Administration Faculty22: 111-47.
24.
Maxfield, S., and J.H. Nolt.1990. Protectionism and the internalization of capital: U.S. sponsorship of import substitution industrialization in the Philippines, Turkey, and Argentina. International Studies Quarterly34: 49-81.
25.
Nuruzzaman, M.2004. Neoliberal economic reforms, the rich and the poor in Bangladesh. Journal of Contemporary Asia34: 33-54.
26.
Onaran, Ö.2003. Türkiye'de □hracat Yönelimli Büyüme Politikalarının □stihdam Üzerindeki Etkileri. In □ktisat Üzerine Yazılar: □ktisadi Kalkınma, Kriz ve □ktidar, ed. Yeldon, Şenses, and Köse, 579-601. □ stanbul: □letişim Yayınları.
27.
Öniş, Z.2006. Varieties and crises of neoliberal globalisation: Argentina, Turkey, and the IMF. Third World Quarterly27 (9): 239-63.
28.
Öniş, Z., and A.F. Aysan.2000. Neoliberal globalisation, the nation-state, and financial crises in the semi-periphery: A comparative analysis. Third World Quarterly21 (1): 119-39.
29.
Orhangazi, Ö.2002. Turkey: Bankruptcy of neoliberal policies and the possibility of alternatives. Review of Radical Political Economics34: 335-41.
30.
Owen, R.1992. State, power, and politics in the making of the modern Middle East. London: Routledge .
31.
Oyan, O., and A. Konukman.1998. Esnek □şgücü Piyasaları, "Anadolu Kaplanları" ve Sendikasızlaşma In 97 Sanayi Kongresi Bildiri Kitabı, 232-41. Ankara: TMMOB.
32.
Pakulski, J.1995. Social movements and class: The decline of the Marxist paradigm. In Social movements and social classes: The future of collective action, ed. L. Maheu , 55-86. London : Sage Publications.
33.
Pamuk, Ş.1981. The political economy of industrialization in Turkey . MERIT Reports93: 26-32.
34.
Pletsch, C.1999. Class, nationalism, and identity politics. Peace Review12: 187-202.
35.
Scase, R., and R. Goffe.1981. Traditional petty bourgeois attitudes: The case of self-employed craftsmen. Sociological Review29 (4): 729-47.
36.
Schmitz, H.1982. Growth constraints on small-scale manufacturing in developing countries: A critical review. World Development10: 429-50.
37.
Şenses, F.1989. The nature and main characteristics of recent Turkish growth in export of manufactures. The Developing EconomiesXXVII: 19-32.
SPO.2004. Sector profiles of Turkish industry: A general outlook. The Republic of Turkey Prime Ministry.
40.
Steel, W.F., and Takagi, O.1983. Small enterprise development and the employment-output trade-off. Oxford Economic Papers, 35, 423-446.
41.
Tepav, S. Kalkan, and H. Pamuk.2005. 2001 Krizi Sonrasında Tüketim Sepetindeki Değişmeler: Kaliteden Kaçış mı Yaşandı. http://www.tepav.org.tr.
42.
The World Bank.1996. World development report.
43.
TTB (Turkish Medical Association).2001. 2001 Şubat Krizi ve Sağlığa Etkileri: Türk Tabipleri Birliği Halk Sağlığı Kolu Raporu: Ankara .
44.
TÜ□K Dönemlere Göre Gayri Safi Milli Hasıla, 1996-2006.
45.
Turkish Statistical Institute (TU□K).2006. Statistical indicators, 1923-2005, Ankara. www.tuik.gov.tr/yillik/Ist_gostergeler.pdf.
46.
Voyvoda, E., and Yeldan, A.2001. Patterns of productivity growth and the wage cycle in Turkish manufacturing, International Review of Applied Economics . 15:375-96.
47.
Waterbury, J.1991. Export-led growth and the center-right coalition in Turkey . Journal of Development Studies27: 127-45.
48.
Wright, E.O.1978. Class, crisis, and the state. London : New Left Books.
49.
Wright, E.O.1985. Classes. London: Verso Editions.
50.
Yeldan, E.2002. Behind the 2002/2001 Turkish crisis: Stability, credibility, and governance, for whom?Paper presented at the IDEAS Conference, Chemoi, December, 2002.
51.
Zingraff, R., and Schulman, M.1984. Social base of class conscious: A study of southern textile workers with a Comparision by Race. Social Forces . 63: 98-116.