Bread subsidies contribute greatly to social stability in Egypt, yet there exist academic and political tendencies to abandon the system in the interest of market-based efficiency. This represents a shift in contemporary economic ideology historically focused upon maintaining calm after Cairo's 1977 bread riots. Further, international pressure to `liberalize` the Egyptian economy paradoxically conflicts with Western desires to suppress religious fundamentalism in the region. These incongruities are largely ignored by Egyptian and Western research.
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