This article surveys the recent Marxist globalization debate and its roots in Marx's post-1848 writings and the Lenin-Kautsky unity-rivalry debate on the eve of World War I. The post-1916 Marxist view of capitalist imperialism is contrasted with the Hardt-Negri “Leninist” view of global capitalism they call “empire.” To refute their thesis, the author analyzes the Lenin-Kautsky debate, proving that it is not empire, but Kautsky's notion of ultraimperialism that best fits today's global capitalism.
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