How is space political? This article first highlights Marx and Engels’s contributions to this question, then examines how a later generation of Marxists exemplified by Manuel Castells and his theory of “ collective consumption” returned to it with decidedly structuralist and reductive readings of Marxism. In conclusion, the article outlines how Fredric Jameson’s work on postmodernism and “cognitive mapping” provides a more holistic Marxist approach to urban experience by linking political economy to cultural theory.
Adorno, T., and M. Horkheimer. [1944] 1972. The culture industry. In The dialectic of enlightenment. New York: Herder and Herder.
2.
Althusser, L.[1969] 1971. Ideology and ideological state apparatuses. In Lenin and philosophy and other essays. New York: Monthly Review Press.
3.
Anderson, P.1983. In the tracks of historical materialism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
4.
Anderson, P.1998. The origins of postmodernity. London: Verso.
5.
Bender, T.2000. Describing the world at the end of the millennium. Harvard Design Magazine 10, n.p.
6.
Benjamin, W.1999. The arcades project, trans. H. Eiland and K. McLaughlin. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
7.
Brenner, N.2000. The urban question as a scale question: Reflections on Henri Lefebvre, urban theory and the politics of scale. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research24 (2): 361–379.
8.
Buck-Morss, S.1989. Dialectics of seeing: Walter Benjamin and the arcades project. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
9.
Castells, M.1977. The urban question: A Marxist approach. London: Edward Arnold.
10.
Castells, M.1978. City, class and power. London: Macmillan.
11.
Castells, M.1983. The city and the grassroots: A cross-cultural theory of urban social movements. Berkeley: University of California Press.
12.
Castells, M.1996. The Information Age: Economy, Society, and Culture: Vol. 1, The rise of the network society. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
13.
Castells, M.1997. The Information Age: Economy, Society, and Culture: Vol. 2. The power of identity. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
14.
Castells, M.1999. The Information Age: Economy, Society, and Culture: Vol. 3, End of millennium. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
15.
Davis, J.1991. Contested ground: Collective action and the urban neighborhood. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
16.
Davis, M.1990. City of quartz: Excavating the future in Los Angeles. London: Verso.
17.
Debord, G.1961. Perspective for conscious alterations in everyday life. In The situationist international anthology, ed. and trans. K. Knabb, 68–75. Berkeley, CA: Bureau of Public Secrets.
18.
Debord, G.[1967] 1983. Society of the spectacle. Detroit, MI: Black and Red.
19.
Delueze, G., and F. Guattari. 1976. L’anti-oedipe, capitalisme et schizophrenie. Paris: Minuit.
20.
Elliott, G.1987. Althusser: The detour of theory. London: Verso.
21.
Engels, F.[1845] 1968. The condition of the working class in England, trans. W. O. Henderson and W. H. Chaloner. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
22.
Fisher, R. C.1988. State and local public finance. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman.
23.
Fraser, N.1997. From redistribution to recognition? Dilemmas of justice in a “postsocialist” age. In Justice interruptus: Critical reflections on the “postsocialist” condition. New York: Routledge.
24.
Goldsmith, W. W., and E. Blakely. 1992. Separate societies: Poverty and inequality in U.S. cities. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
25.
Gramsci, A.1971. Selections from the prison notebooks, ed. and trans. Q. Hoare and G. N. Smith. New York: International Publishers.
Habermas, J.[1981] 1987. The theory of communicative action, vol. 2., trans. T. McCarthy. Boston: Beacon.
28.
Harvey, D.1973. Social justice and the city. London: Edward Arnold.
29.
Harvey, D.1978. Labor, capital, and class struggle around the built environment in advanced capitalist countries. In Urbanization and conflict in market societies, ed. K. R. Cox, 9–37. Chicago: Maaroufa Press.
30.
Harvey, D.1982. Limits to capital. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
31.
Harvey, D.1985a. Consciousness and the urban experience: Studies in the history and theory of capitalist urbanization. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
32.
Harvey, D.1985b. The urbanization of capital: Studies in the history and theory of capitalist urbanization. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
33.
Hayden, D.1980. What would a non-sexist city be like?Speculations on housing, urban design, and human work. Signs5 (3): 170–187.
34.
Hobsbawm, E.1998. Introduction to The communist manifesto, by K. Marx and F. Engels. London: Verso.
35.
Jameson. F.1991. Postmodernism, or, the cultural logic of late capitalism. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
36.
Jameson. F.1992. The geopolitical aesthetic. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
37.
Jappe, A.1999. Guy Debord, trans. D. Nicholson-Smith. Berkeley: University of California Press.
38.
Katznelson, I.1992. Marxism and the city. Oxford, UK: Clarendon.
39.
Kay, J. H.1998. Asphalt nation: How the automobile took over America, and how we can take it back. Berkeley: University of California Press.
40.
Lefebvre, H.[1958] 1991. Critique of everyday life: Introduction, trans. J. Moore. London: Verso.
41.
Lefebvre, H.[1974] 1991. The production of space, trans. D. Nicholson-Smith. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
42.
Lukács, G.1971. History and class consciousness: Studies in Marxist dialectics, trans. R. Livingstone. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
43.
Lynch, K.1960. The image of the city. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
44.
Lynch, K.1980. Good city form. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
45.
Mandel, E.1976. Late capitalism, trans. J. De Bres. London: New Left Books.
46.
Marcus, S.1974. Engels, Manchester and the working class. New York: Norton.
47.
Marx, K.[1852] 1963. The eighteenth brumaire of Louis Bonaparte. New York: International Publishers.
48.
Marx, K., and F. Engels. [1848] 1998. The communist manifesto. London: Verso.
49.
Massey, D. S., and N. A. Denton. 1993. American apartheid: Segregation and the making of the underclass. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
50.
Osborne, P.1995. The politics of time: Modernity and avant-garde. London: Verso.
51.
Pinch, S.1985. Cities and services: The geography of collective consumption. London: Routledge.
52.
Polanyi, K.[1944] 1957. The great transformation. Boston: Beacon.
53.
Samuelson, P.1954. The pure theory of public expenditures. Review of Economics and Statistics36: 350–356.
54.
Shields, R.1999. Lefebvre, love and struggle: Spatial dialectics. London: Routledge.
55.
Tiebout, C.1956. A pure theory of local expenditures. Journal of Political Economy64:416–424.
56.
Williams, R.1980. Problems in materialism and culture. London: Verso.
57.
Wolf, E.1982. Europe and the people without history. Berkeley: University of California Press.
