Problematiche Inerenti L'epatite C Nei Centri Dialisi

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Alter M.J. , Favero M.S. , Maynard J.E. . Impact of infection control strategies on the incidence of dialysis-associated hepatitis in the United States. J Innfect Dis 1986; 153: 1149–51.

Eastwood J.B. Hepatitis in a maintenance hemodialysis unit. Ann Intern Med 1968; 69: 59–66.

Coleman J.C. Hepatitis and epidemic hepatitis associated antigen (HEAA) in a hemodialysis unit with observations on haemoglobin levels. Br J Urol 1972; 44: 194.

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Alter M.J. . Non-A, non-B hepatitis: Sorting through a diagnosis of exclusion. Ann Intern Med 1989; 110: 583–5.

Choo Q.L. , Kuo G. , Weiner A.J. , Overby L.R. , Bradley D.W. , Houghton M. . Isolation of ac-DNA clone derived from bloodborne viral hepatitis genome. Science 1989; 244: 359–62.

Kuo G. , Choo Q.L. , Alter H.J. An assay for circulating antibody to a major aetiological virus of human non-A, non-B hepatitis. Science 1989; 244: 262–4.

Brechot C. . Les virus “non-A non-B” ont trouvé leur identité. La Press Medicale 1990; 34: 1567.

Alter H.J. , Purcell R.H. , Shih J.W. Detection of antibody to hepatitis C virus in prospectively followed transfusion recipients with acute and chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis. N Engl J Med 1989; 321: 1494–500.

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Alter H.J. . Chronic consequences of non-A, non-B hepatitis. In: Seeff L.B. , Lewis J.H. , eds. Current perspectives in Hepatology. New York, Plenum Medical Books, 1989; 83–97.

Dienstag J.L. , Alter H.J. . Non-A non-B hepatitis: evolving epidemiologic and clinical perspective. Semin Liver Dis 1986; 6: 67–81.

Choo Q.L. , Weiner A.J. , Overby L.R. , Kuo G. , Houghton M. . Hepatitis C virus: the major causative agent of viral non-A, non-B hepatitis. Br Med Bull 1990; 46: 423–41.

Contreras M. , Barbara J.A.J. . Screening for hepaatitis C virus antibody. Lancet 1989; ii: 505.

Esteban J.I. , Esteban R. , Viladomiu L. Hepatitis C virus antibodies among risk groups in Spain. Lancet 1989; ii: 294–7.

Ludlam C.A. , Chapman D. , Cohen B. , Litton P.A. . Antibodies to hepatitis C virus in haemophilia. Lancet 1989; ii: 560–1.

Roggendorf M. , Deinhardt F. , Rasshofer R. Antibodies to hepatitis C virus. Lancet 1989; ii: 324–5.

Rumi M.G. , Colombo M. , Gringeri A. , Mannucci P.M. . High prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus in multitransfused hemophiliacs with normal transaminase levels. Ann Intern Med 1990; 112: 379–80.

Mortimer P.P. , Cohen B.J. , Litton P.A. Hepatitis C virus antibody. Lancet 1989; ii: 798.

Katkov W.N. , Dienstag J.L. , Cody H. . Role of hepatitis C virus in non-B chronic liver disease. Arch Intern Med 1991; 151: 1548–52.

Sànchez-Tapias J.M. , Barrera J.M. , Costa J. Hepatitis C virus infection in patients with nonalcoholic chronic liver disease. Ann Intern Med 1990; 112: 921–4.

Bruix J. , Calvet X. , Costa J. Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in spanish patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic cirrhosis. Lancet 1989; 2: 1004–6.

Vargas V. , Castells L. , Esteban J.I. . High frequency of antibodies to the hepatitis C virus among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Intern Med 1990; 112: 232–3.

McFarlane I.G. , Smith H.M. , Johnson P.J. , Bray G.P. , Vergani D. , Williams R. . Hepatitis C virus antibodies in chronic active hepatitis: pathogenetic factor or false-positive results? Lancet 1990; 335: 754–7.

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Yanagi M. , Kaneko S. , Unoura M. Hepatitis C virus in fulminant hepatic failure. N Engl J Med 1991; 324: 1895–6.

Colombo M. , Choo Q.L. , Del Ninno E. Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in Italian patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Lancet 1989; 2: 1006–8.

Read A.E. , Donegan E. , Lake J. Hepatitis C in patients undergoing liver transplantation. Ann Intern Med 1991; 114: 282–4.

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Alberti A. Diagnosis of hepatitis C. Facts and perspectives. J Hepatol 1991; 12: 279–82.

Gilli P. , Moretti M. , Soffritti S. Non-A, non-B hepatitis aand anti-HCV antibodies in dialysis patients. Int J Artif Organs 1990; 13: 737–41.

Tamura I. , Kobayashi Y. , Koda T. . Hepatitis C virus antibodies in haemodialysis patients. Lancet 1990; 335: 1409.

Mondelli M.U. , Cristina G. , Filice G. , Rondanelli E.G. , Piazza V. , Barbieri C. . Anti-HCV positive patients in dialysis units? Lancet 1990; 336: 244.

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Schlipkoter U. , Roggendorf M. , Ernst G. Hepatitis C virus antibodies in haemodialysis patients. Lancet 1990; 335: 1409.

Yamaguchi K. , Nishimura Y. , Ku-kuoka N. Hepatitis C virus antibodies in haemodialysis patients. Lancet 1990; 335: 1409–10.

Kallinowski B. , Theilmann L. , Gmelin K. Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in hemodialysis patients. Nephron 1991; 59: 236–8.

Hsien-Hong L. , Chiu-Ching H. , I-Shyong S. , Deng-Yn L. , Yun-Fan L. . Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in the hemodialysis unit. Am J Nephrol 1991; 11: 192–4.

Marchesi D. , Arici C. , Poletti E. , Mingardi G. , Minola E. , Mecca G. . Outbreak of non-A, non-B hepatitis in centre hemodialysis patients: a retrospective analysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1988; 3: 795–9.

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Gilli P. , Moretti M. , Soffritti S. , Menini C. . Anti-HCV positive patients in dialysis units? Lancet 1990; 336: 243–4.

Jeffers L.J. , Perez G.O. , De Medina M.D. Hepatitis C infection in two urban hemodialysis units. Kidney Int 1990; 38: 320–2.

Zeldis J.B. , Depner T.A. , Kuramoto I.K. , Gish R.G. , Holland P.V. . The prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibodies among hemodialysis patients. Ann Intern Med 112: 958–60.

Grob P. , Joller M. , Jelmelka H. . Hepatitis C virus (HCV), anti-HCV und non-A, non-B hepatitis. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1990; 120: 117–24.

Getzug T. , Lindsay K. , Brezina M. Hepatitis C virus antibody in hemodialysis patients: prevalence and risk factors. Gastroenterology 1990; 8: 1395.

Laufs R. , Polywka S. , Kruger W. Hepatitis-C-Virus antikorper bei hepatitis-patienten und risikogruppen. Dtsch Arztebl 1989; 50: 23–4.

Almroth G. , Ekermo B. , Franzen L. , Hed J. . Antibody responses to hepatitis C virus and its modes of transmission in dialysis patients. Nephron 1991; 59: 232–5.

Leon A. , Canton R. , Elia M. , Ma-teos M. . Second-generation RIBA to confirm diagnosis of HCV infection. Lancet 1991; 337: 912.

Gilli P. , Bergami M. , Soffritti S. . Considerazioni sulla presenza di pazienti anti-HCV positivi nei centri dialisi. Giorn Ital Nefrol 1990; 7: 271–2.

Di Maggio A. , Montemurro N.E. , Marangi A.L. Prevalence of hepatitis C antibodies in hemodialysis patients and staff. A preliminary study. J Nephrol 1991; 2: 83–7.

Fagan E.A. . Testing for hepatitis C virus. BMJ 1991; 303: 535–6.

Editorial. The A to F of viral hepatitis. Lancet 1990; 336: 1158–60.

Theilmann L. , Blazek M. , Goeser T. , Gmelin K. , Kommerell B. , Fiehn W. . False-positive anti-HCV tests in rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 1989; 335: 1346.

Boudart D. , Lucas J.C. , Muller J.Y. , Le Carrer D. , Planchon B. , Ha-rousseau J.L. . False positive hepatitis C virus antibody tests in para-proteinaemia. Lancet 1990; 336: 63.

Casato M. , Taliani G. , Pucillo L.P. , Goffredo F. , Laganà B. , Bonomo L. . Cryoglobulinaemia and hepatitis C virus. Lancet 1991; 337: 1047–8.

Ikeda Y. , Toda G. , Hashimoto N. , Kurokawa K. . Antibody to superoxide dismutase, autoimmune hepatitis and antibody tests for hepatitis C virus. Lancet 1990; 335: 1345–6.

Cotton P. . Tests help nail down HCV – but not entirely. JAMA 1991; 265: 312.

Gray J.J. , Wreghitt T.G. , Friend P.J. , Wight D.G.D. , Sundaresan V. , Calne R.Y. . Differentiation between specific and non-specific hepatitis C antibodies in chronic liver disease. Lancet 1990; 335: 609–10.

Editorial. Hepatitis C virus upstanding. Lancet 1990; 335: 1431–2.

Bradley D.W. , Maynard J.E. , Popper H. Posttransfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis: physicoche-mical properties of two distinct agents. J Infect Dis 1983; 148: 254–65.

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Brèchot C. . Polymerase chain reaction. A new tool for the study of viral infections in hepatology. J Hepatol 1990; 11: 124–9.

Peter J.B. . The polymerase chain reaction: amplifying our options. RID 1991; 13: 166–71.

Garson J.A. , Tedder R.S. , Briggs M. Detection of hepatitis C viral sequences in blood donations by “nested” polymerase chain reaction and prediction of infectivity. Lancet 1990; 335: 1419–22.

Weiner A.J. , Kuo G. , Bradley D.W. Detection of hepatitis C viral sequences in non-A, non-B hepatitis. Lancet 1990; 335: 1–3.

Kaneko S. , Unoura M. , Kobayashi K. , Kuno K. , Murakami S. , Hattori N. . Detection of serum hepatitis C virus RNA. Lancet 1990; 335: 976.

Cristiano K. , Di Bisceglie A.M. , Hoofnagle J.H. , Feinstone S.M. . Hepatitis C viral RNA in serum of patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis: detection by the polymerase chain reaction using multiple primer sets. Hepatol 1991; 14: 51–5.

Ebling F. , Naukkarien R. , Liikola J. . Recombinant immunoblotting assay for hepatitis C virus as predictor of infectivity. Lancet 1990; 335: 982–3.

Fusconi M. , Lenzi M. , Baraldini G. Anti-HCV testing in autoimmune hepatitis and in primary biliary cirrhosis. Lancet 1990; 336: 822–3.

Brillanti S. , Masci C. , Siringo S. Serological and histological aspects of hepatitis C virus infection in alcoholic patients. J Hepatol 1991 (in stampa).

Van der Poel C.L. , Cuypers H.T.M. , Reesink H.W. Confirmation of hepatitis C virus infection by new four-antigen recombinant immunoblot assay. Lancet 1991; 337: 317–9.

Bassetti D. , Cutrupi V. , Dallago B. , Alfonsi P. . Second-generation RIBA to confirm diagnosis of HCV infection. Lancet 1991; 337: 912.

Ebeling F. , Naukkarinen R. , Myl-lyla G. , Leikola J. . Second generation RIBA to confirm diagnosis of HCV infection. Lancet 1991; 337: 912–3.

Weiner A.J. , Truett M.A. , Rosenblatt J. Hepatitis C virus testing in low risk population. Lancet 1990; 336: 695.

Alberti A. , Chemello L. , Cavalletto D. Antibody to hepatitis C virus and liver disease in volunteer blood donors. Ann Intern Med 1991; 114: 1010–12.

Farci P. , Alter H.J. , Wong D. A long-term study of hepatitis C virus replication in non-A, non-B hepatitis. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 98–104.

Alberti A. , Cavalletto L. , Rugge M. Detection of hepatitis C virus in liver of patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis. Proceedings II Int. Symposium on HCV. Los Angeles, November 1990; 45.

Krawczynski K. , Beach M. , Di Bisceglie A. Hepatocellular HCV-associated antigen and antibody: viral specificity and relation to natural history of infection. Hepatology 1990; 12: 905.

Simmonds P. , Zhang L.Q. , Watson H.G. Hepatitis C quantification and sequencing in blood products, haemophiliacs, and drug users. Lancet 1990; 336: 1469–72.

Melbye M. , Biggar R.J. , Wantzin P. , Krogsgaard K. , Ebbesen P. , Becker N.G. . Sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus: cohort study (1981-9) among European homosexual men. Br Med J 1990; 301: 210–2.

Tor J. , Llibre J.M. , Carbonell M. Sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus and its relation with hepatitis B virus and HIV. Br Med J 1990; 301: 1130–3.

Tedder R.S. , Gilson R.J.C. , Briggs M. Hepatitis C virus: evidence for sexual transmission. Br Med J 1991; 302: 1299–302.

Alter M.J. . Inapparent transmission of hepatitis C: footprints in the sand (editorial). Hepatology 1991; 14: 389–91.

Hess G. , Massing A. , Rossol S. , Schutt H. , Clemens R. , Meyer zum Buschenfeld K.H. . Hepatitis C virus and sexual transmission. Lancet 1989; ii: 987.

Kamitsukasa H. , Harada H. , Ya-kura M. Intrafamilial transmission of heppatitis C virus. Lancet 1989; ii: 987.

Ideo G. , Bellati G. , Pedraglio E. Intrafamilial transmission of hepatitis C virus. Lancet 1990; 335: 353.

Alter M.J. , Hadler S.C. , Judson F.N. Risk factors for acute non-A, non-B hepatitis in the United States and association with hepatitis C virus infection. JAMA 1990; 264: 2231–5.

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