Monier-FaugereM.C., MawadH., QiQ.. High prevalence of low bone turnover and occurrence of osteomalacia after kidney transplantation;J Am Soc Nephrol2000; 11: 1093–9.
2.
MessaP., CafforioC., AlfieriC.Impatto clinico dell'ipercalcemia nel trapianto renale. G Ital Nefrol2010; 27: 47–55.
3.
EvenepoelP., ClaesK., KuypersD.. Natural history of parathyroid function and calcium metabolism after kidney transplantation: a single-centre study. Nephrol Dial Transplant2004; 19: 1281–7.
EvenepoelP., Van Den BerghB., NaesensM.. Calcium metabolism in the early posttransplantation period. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol2009; 4: 665–72.
6.
McCarronD.A., MutherR.S., LenfestyB., BennettW.M.Parathyroid function in persistent hyperparathyroidism: relationship to gland size. Kidney Int1982; 22: 662–70.
7.
GogusevJ., DuchambonP., HoryB.. Depressed expression of calcium receptor in parathyroid gland tissue of patients with hyperparathyroidism. Kidney Int1997; 51: 328–36.
8.
StavroulopoulosA., CassidyM.J., PorterC.J.. Vitamin D status in renal transplant recipient. Am J Transpl2007; 7: 2546–52.
9.
FelsenfeldA.J., GutmanR.A., DreznerM., LlachF.Hypophosphatemia in long-term renal transplant recipients: effects on bone histology and 1, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. Miner Electrolyte Metab1986; 12: 333–341.
TakedaE., TaketaniY., SawadaN.. The regulation and function of phosphate in the human body. Biofactors2004; 21: 345–55.
12.
KunzendorfU., KrämerB.K., ArnsW.. Bone disease after renal transplantation. Nephrol Dial Transplant2008; 23: 450–8.
13.
GreenJ., DebbyH., LedererE.. Evidence for a PTH-independent humoral mechanism in post-transplant hypophosphatemia and phosphaturia. Kidney Int2001; 60: 1182–96.
14.
ShimadaT., UrakawaI., YamazakiY.. FGF-23 transgenic mice demonstrate hypophosphatemic rickets with reduced expression of sodium phosphate cotransporter type Ilaq. Biochem Biophys Res Commun2004; 314: 409–14.
15.
ImanishiY., InabaM., NakatsukaK.. FGF-23 in patients with endstage renal disease on hemodialysis. Kidney Int2004; 65: 1943–6.
MannK.J., RybczynskaA., BerndtT.J.. Renal denervation enhances the Phosphaturic effect of parathyroid hormone. Miner Electrolyte Metab1991; 17: 16–20.
18.
GrafH., KovarikJ., StummvollH.K.. Handling of phosphate by the transplanted kidney. Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc1979; 16: 624–9.
19.
WeinsteinR.S., JilkaR.L., ParfittA.M., ManolagasS.C.Inhibition of osteoblastogenesis and promotion of apoptosis of osteoblast and osteocytes by glucocorticoids. Potential mechanisms of their deleterious effects on bone. J Clin Invest1998; 102: 274–82.
20.
CanalisE.Mechanism of glucocorticoid action in bone: implications to glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab1996; 81: 3441–7.
21.
DelanyA.M., DurantD., CanalisE.Glucocorticoid suppression of IGF1 transcription in osteoblast. Mol Endocrinol2001; 15: 1781–9.
22.
SakakuraM., TakebeK., NakagawaS.Inhibition of luteinizing hormone secretion induced by synthetic LRH by long-term treatment with glucocorticoid in human subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab1975; 40: 774–9.
23.
SuzukiY., IchikawaY., SaitoE., HommaM.Importance of increased urinary calcium excretion in the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism of patients under glucocorticoid therapy, Metabolism1983; 32: 151–6.
24.
JulianB.A., LaskowD.A., DubovskyJ.. Rapid loss of vertebral mineral density after renal transplantation. N Engl J Med1991; 325: 544–50.
25.
MovsowitzC., EpsteinS., FallonM.. Cyclosporin-A in vivo produces severe osteopenia in the rat: effect of dose and duration of administration. Endocrinology1988; 123: 2571–7.
KirinoS., FukunagaJ., IkegamiS.. Regulation of bone metabolism in immunosuppressant (FK506)-treated rats. J Bone Miner Metab2004; 22: 554–60.
29.
UgurA., GuvenerN., I☒iklarI.Osteoporosis after renal transplantation single center experience, Transplantation.2001; 71: 645–9.
30.
MarcénR., CaballeroC., PascualJ.. Lumbar mineral density in renal transplant patients on neoral and tacrolimus: a four year prospective study. Transplantation2006; 81: 826–31.
31.
PatelS., KwanJ.T., McCloskeyE.. Prevalence and causes of low bone density and fractures in kidney transplant patients. J Bone Miner Res2001; 16: 1863–70.
32.
HofbauerL.C., ShuiC., RiggsB.L.. Effects of immunosuppressant on receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand and osteoprotegerin production by human osteoblastic and coronary artery smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun2001; 280: 334–9.
33.
GlantschnigH., FisherJ.E., WesolowskiG.. TNFalpha and RANK ligand promotes osteoclast survival by signal-ling throught mTOR/S6 kinase. Cell Death Differ2003; 10: 1165–77.
34.
KneisselM., Luong-NguyenN.H., BaptistM.. Everolimus supresses cancellous bone loss, bone resorption and cathepsin K expression by osteoclast. Bone2004; 35: 1144–56.
35.
MoeS., DriiekeT., CunninghamJ.. Definition, evaluation, and classification of renal osteodystrophy: a position statement from Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Kidney Int2006; 69: 1945–53.
KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis, evaluation, prevention, and treatment of chronic kidney disease -mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). Kidney Int2009; 76(Suppl 113): S3–S130.
38.
Monier-FaugereM.C., MawadH., QiQ.. High prevalence of low bone turnover and occurrence of osteomalacia after kidney transplantation. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol2000; 11: 1093–9.
39.
RollaD., BallantiP., MarsanoL.. Bone disease in long-term renal transplant recipients with severe osteopenia: a cross-sectional study. Transplantation2006; 81: 915–21.
40.
LondonG.M., MartyC., MarchaisS.J., GuerinA.P., MetivierF, de VernejoulM.C.Arterial calcifications and bone histomorphometry in end-stage renal disease. J Am Soc Nephrol2004; 15(7): 1943–51.
41.
AdragaoT., HerberthJ., Monier-FaugereM.C., BranscumA.J., FerreiraA., FrazaoJ.M., Dias CurtoJ., MallucheH.H.Low bone volume a risk factor for coronary calcifications in hemodialysis patientsClin J Am Soc Nephrol2009; 4(2): 254–7.
MikulsT.R., JulianB.A., BartolucciA., SaagK.G.Bone mineral density changes within six months of renal transplantation. Trasplantation2003; 75: 49–54.
44.
PichetteV., BonnardeauxA., PrudhommeL.. Long-term bone loss in kidney transplant recipients: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Am J Kidney Dis1996; 28: 105–14.
45.
O'ShaughnessyE.A., DahlD.C., SmithC.L., KasiskeB.L.Risk factors for fractures in kidney transplantation. Transplantation2002; 74: 362–6.
46.
BallA.M., GillenD.L., SherrardD.. Risk of hip fracture among dialysis and renal transplant recipients. JAMA2002; 288: 3014–8.
47.
MazzaferroS., DiacintiD., ProiettiE.. Morphometric X-ray absorptiometry in the assessment of vertebral fractures in renal transplant patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant2006; 21: 466–71.
48.
GrotzW.H., MundingerF.A., GugelB.. Bone fracture and osteodensitometry with dual X-ray absorptiometry in kidney transplant recipients. Transplantation1994; 58: 912–5.
49.
Nawrot-WawrzyaniakK., VargaF., NaderA.. Effects of Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia on the Bone Mineralization Process. Calcif Tissue Int2009; 84: 313–23.
50.
WeisingerJ., CarliniR., RojasE., Bellorin-FontE.Bone disease after renal transplantation. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol2006; 1: 1300–13.
51.
TalalajM., GradowskaL., MarcinovskaE.. Efficiency of preventive treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and calcium in kidney transplant patients. Transplant Proc1996; 28: 3485–7.
52.
De SeveauxR.G., HoitsmaA.J., CorstensF.H., WetzelsJ.F.Treatment with vitamin D and calcium reduces bone loss after renal transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol2002; 13: 1608–14.
53.
TorresA., GarcìaS., GomezA.. Treatment with intermittent calcitriol and calcium reduces bone loss after renal transplantation. Kidney Int2004; 65: 705–12.
54.
WissingK.M., BreedersN., Moreno-ReyesR.. A controlled study of vitamin D3 to prevent bone loss in renal-transplant patients receiving low doses of steroids. Transplantation2005; 79: 108–15.
55.
FanS.L., AlmondM.K., BallE.. Pamidronate therapy as prevention of bone loss following renal transplantation. Kidney Int2000; 57: 684–90.
56.
CocoM., GlicklichD., FaugereM.C.. Prevention of bone loss in renal transplant recipients. A prospective, randomized trial. J Am Soc Nephrol2003; 14: 2669–76.
57.
SchwarzC., MitterbauerC., HeinzeG.. Nonsustained effect of short-term bisphosphonate therapy on bone turnover three years after renal transplantation. Kidney Int2004; 65: 304–9.
58.
Cueto-ManzanoA.M., KonelS., FreemontA.J.. Effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and calcium carbonate on bone loss associated with long-term renal transplantation. Am J Kidney Dis2000; 35: 227–36.
59.
ArienD.J., LambertK., IoannidisG., AdachiJ.D.Treatment of established bone loss after renal transplantation with etidronate. Transplantation2001; 71: 669–73.
60.
KocM., TuglularS., ArikanH.. Alendronate increases bone mineral density in long-term renal transplant recipients. Transplant Proc2002; 34: 211–3.
61.
GianniniS., D'AngeloA., CarraroG.. Alendronate pre-vents further bone loss in renal transplant recipients. J Bone Mineral Res2001; 16: 211–7.
62.
JefferyJ.R., LeslieW.D., KarpinskiM.E., NickersonP.W., RushD.N.Prevalence and treatment of decreased bone density in renal transplant recipients: a randomized prospective trial of calcitriol versus alendronate. Transplantation2003; 7: 1498–02.
SerraA.L., SchwarzA.A., WickF.H.. Successful treatment of hypercalcemia with cinecalcet in renal transplantation with persistent hyperparathyroidism. Nephrol Dial Transplantat2005; 20: 1315–9.