Abstract
The vast majority of nasal and paranasal sinuses (PNS) diseases in childhood are of inflammatory origin, in particular during the early rapid development of PNS rhinosinusitis are exceedingly frequent in both acute and chronic forms. However other diseases such as primarily congenital malformation, but also neoplasms can affect the nasal cavity (NC) and PNS during pediatric age. Modern radiological techniques such as multidetector computerized tomography (MDCT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are becoming of greater importance in the diagnosis of chronic or complicated inflammatory processes of NC and PNS and in the differential diagnosis with the other less frequent diseases. The characteristic features of MDCT and MRI and their diagnostic role in the more frequent pediatric inflammatory, neoplastic and congenital diseases of NC and PNS are reviewed.