A Critical Overview of the Psychiatric Approaches to Shamanism

Ackerknecht, E.H. , "Psychopathology, Primitive Medicine and Primitive Culture," Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 14, 1943, 30-67.

Bogoras, W. , "The Chuckchee Religion," Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History, II, no. 2,1907.

Bastide, R. , Le Rêve, la Transe et la Folie, Paris: Flammarion, 1972.

Boyer, L. Bryce, et al., "Comparison of the Shamans and the Pseudo-Shamans of the Apache of the Mescalero Indian Reservation: A Rorschach Study," Journal of Prospective Technique and Personality Development 28, 1964, pp. 173-180.

—." Folk Psychiatry of the Apaches of the Mescalero Indian Reservation," in Magic, Faith and Healing, A. Fiev , ed., New York, Free Press of Glencoe McMillan 1964.

Bourguignon, E. , "Possession and Trance in Cross Cultural Studies of Mental Health," Ethnopsychiatry and Alternative Therapies, W. Lebra , ed., University Press of Hawaii, volume 88, 1976, pp. 48-55.

Butt, A. , "Réalité et idéal dans la pratique chamanique," L'Homme, t. II, no 3, Sept.-Dec., 1962, pp. 5-52.

Chapman, L.J. , and Baxter, J. , "The Process - Reactive Distinction and Patient's Subculture," Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 136, 1963, pp. 352-359.

Chaumeil, J.-P. , "Voir, savoir, pouvoir, chamanisme chex les Yagua du Nord-Est péruvien," thèse pour le doctorat de. 3eme cycle, E.H.E.S.S. 1932, p. 473.

Czaplicka, M. , Aboriginal Siberia: a Study in Social Anthropology, Oxford , Clarendon Press, 1914.

Devereux, G. , Essais d'ethnopsychiatrie générale, Paris, Gallimard, Bibliothèque des sciences humaines, 1970.

Fabrega, H. Jr. and Silver, D. , "Some Social and Psychological Properties of Zinacanteco Shamans," Behavioral Sciences 15, 1970, pp. 471-486.

Freud, S. , Formulations on the Two Principles of Mental Functioning, 1911 , Standard Edition, vol. 12, London, Hogarth Press 1958.

Gillin, G. , "Magical Fright," Psychiatry, II, 1948, pp. 387-400.

Hamayon, R. , and Delaby, L. , "Presentation," Voyages Chamaniques, 1976. L'Ethnographie 1977, nos. 74-75, pp. 7-9.

Hippler, A.E. , "Shamans, Curers and Personality: Suggestions Toward a Theoretical Model," in Ethnopsychiatry and Alternative Therapies, W. Ebra , ed., University Press of Hawaii , 1976.

Kennedy, J.G. , "Cultural Psychiatry," in Handbook of Social and Cultural Anthropology, Honigmann, John J. , ed., Chicago, Rand McNally Publishing Company , 1973, pp. 1119-1198.

Labarre, W. , "Shamanic Origins of Religion - and Medicine," Journal of Psychiatric Drugs, vol. II, no. 1-2, Jan.-June 1979, pp. 7-12.

Langness, L. , "Hysterical Psychoses and Possession," in Ethnopsychiatry and Alternative Therapies, Lebra, W. , ed., University Press of Hawaii, 1976, pp. 56-57.

Lantis, M. , Eskimo Childhood and Interpersonal Relationships, Seattle , University of Washington Press, 1960.

Lévi-Strauss, C. , "Introduction á l'œuvre de Marcel Mauss," in Mauss, M., Sociologie et anthropologie, P.U.F. 1966, pp. IX-LII.

Lévy-Bruhl, C. , Les fonctions mentales da.ns les sociétés inférieures. La mentalité primitive (1910), Paris, 1922.

Lewis, J.M. , Ecstatic Religion : An Anthropological Study of Spirit Possession and Shamanism. Penguin Books , 1971.

Lot-Falck, É. , "Psychopathes et chamanes yakoutes," in J. Pouillon and P. Maranda (eds.), Échanges et communications. Mélanges offerts à Claude Lévi-Strauss ... II, Paris -La Haye, Mouton, 1970, pp. 115-129.

Nadel, S.F. , "A Study of Shamanism in the Nuba Mountains," in Reader in Comparative Religion, Lessa, W.A. and Vogt, E.Z. , (eds.), New York, Harper and Row, 1965.

Ohlmarks, A. , Studien zum Problem des Shamanismus, Lund, 1939.

Opler. M.K. , Culture and Mental Health, New York, Macmillan, 1959.

—, "On Devereux's Discussion of Acute Shamanism," American Anthropologist 63,1961, pp. 1091-1093.

Reinhard, J. , "Shamanism and Spirit Possession: The Definition Problem," in Spirit Possession in the Nepal Himalayas, John T. Hitchcock and Rex L. Jones , (eds), Warminster and Phillips Ltd., 1976, pp. 12-20.

Sasaki, Y. , "Psychiatric Study of the Shaman in Japan," in Mental Health Research in Asia and the Pacific, Candill, W. , and Lin T. (eds.), Honolulu, East-West Center Press, 1969.

Silverman, J. , "Shamans and Acute Schizophrenia," American Anthropologist 69,1967, pp. 21-31.

Wallace, A.F.C. , Religion : An Anthropological View, New York: Random House, 1966.

Wilden, A. , System and structure, London, Tavistock Publications, 1972.

—, Essays on Communication and Exchange, London, Tavistock Publications, 1980.